Analysis & Critique of Canadian Court System Essay

Analysis & Critique of Canadian Court System - Essay ExampleThese models are the inquisitorial and the adversary models. The Canadian Court System mostly applies the adversarial process in its legal processes. Adversarial umpire administration is the best approach to addressing justice and equality in court systems and the Canadian Courts should continue using it. Reasons for the competitor Justice System The ultimate concern of the adversary court system is to ensure equal sermon between the prosecution and defense. The court assumes a neutral position and acts as referee between the two parties. This system requires all parties to adhere to the law of nature in responding to different issues in the court. For instance, police officers must custom the procedures that the law accepts to obtain recount from suspects or the charge. The court will determine whether the police used the leave ways of acquireing evidence that are recognized by the law and are free from finesse and other malpractices. The neutral state of the court ensures a fair trial for the accused (see Law Commission). adversary system stresses on strict observance of the law in seeking justice for all parties refer in a case. This characteristic gives the system an added advantage over the inquisitorial justice system. Inquisitorial justice system involves the court in determining facts and evidence about a case. Therefore, the system gives room for separatrix where the court can favor one side of the case. This is unlike the adversary system that advocates for observance of the law in determining facts about a case. Moreover, the inquisitorial system denies the accused the cover of privacy. The system requires the accused to collaborate with the police and other court officials in the process of gathering evidence. The accused has no counterbalance of remaining silent throughout the process unlike in the adversary system where the accused has the right of choosing to remain sile nt throughout the court process. Courts in the adversary justice system act as supervisors of the actions of the prosecution and the accused and eliminate any practices that conflict with the law. The system does not grant the court the pledge of supporting the prosecution against the accused. This form of fairness does not exist in the inquisitorial justice system. It is attainable for the authority or the police to coerce their authority on the accused in their attempt to gather evidence against him or her. The law does not allow use of evidence that is a result of coercion of authority. Police officers are known to use excessive power in their attempt to gather evidence against victims of crime. Therefore, involving the court and the police in the process is not in the best interests of ensuring equal and just preaching for offenders (see Prasad). The adversary system becomes even stronger when looking at emerging forms in the field of law. For instance, there cook been eff orts to introduce the system of restorative justice in the court process. Restorative justice is an emerging trend in the court system where victims and offenders interact in the process of seeking justice. Legal procedures are not the basic requirements of punishing an offender under restorative justice. Instead, the offender must take absolute debt instrument for his or her actions by convincing the victims that he or she will not repeat such an wickedness in the future. The system does not recognize the state as an agent that feels the effect of law breaking. It holds the model that actions of offenders

Difference between Mac and PC Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Difference between mac and PC - Essay ExamplePC, however, was made more for businesses outside of fastidious fields, with many people favoring the script processing programs that PC has to offer (Pegoraro, 2006). The other physical aspect is the designs - Macs have only a smattering of designs, each based on which model you buy, while PC has dozens of different models and customization options.The real differences lav be found within the different computer models. Within a Mac, every component, wire, and chip is construct from the same company (What is, 2009). Within a PC, everything comes from a different company. Less problems are had with Mac, including a secure lack of viruses, due to the fact that everything is created and programmed by the same people. If something goes wrong with any piece, it just needs to be sent and repaired by one company. With a PC, unfortunately, while the computer can be sent stomach to the computers brand name company, it will still need repai red by the proper company depending on the shamed component.Due to the fact that Mac is created by one company and PC is created by many, Mac has slight software to offer, as it needs to be manufactured by their name company. PC can feign just about any software, given the fact that it is more versatile. This is perhaps one of the reasons why more people do prefer a PC, with the exception of those that are using Mac solely for artistic purposes. As aforementioned, one of the perks about Mac only macrocosm capable of using Mac/orchard apple tree products is that the computer has a less chance of contracting viruses. Even when it does obtain a virus, it causes less impairment than it would to a PC (Pogue, 2005). Furthermore, there are very few programs that are dual-compatible, meaning they work on both systems. These programs are few and far between, and have proven to be damaging to whichever system it is being used on, especially if it had been on the other operating system pr ior to its second

Organization theory and design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Organization theory and design - Essay ExampleIn this aspect, any active formation has a specific social system that fits needs the other function of organisational structure is facilitating efficiency through and through allocation of roles and responsibilities. The arrangement of different organisational activities also promotes efficiency as well as efficaciousness in production.The concept of organizational culture has been studied in various fields such as anthropology as well as sociology on a wide perspective. However, from these studies, no clear meaning of organizational culture has been provided despite the lack of a clear meaning, several definitions have been provided such as A set of commonly comprehended issues that an organizations actions are undertaken, for instance a form of talking to that applies to a specific organization.On the other hand, other social scientists have also described organizational culture as a benchmark formulated to perceive things, a sys tem of skills commonly utilize in an organization to promote evaluation of issues and processes. In addition, organizational culture persists a significant role by promoting reconceptualization of issues and process in different sectors That is, to enhance the understanding of various stakeholders and the important role their organizations play within the society. It also enables stakeholders to a gain a deeper understanding of their goals, objectives as well as find out ways in which they relate to one another within and outside the organization.Organizational design, specifically organizational structure plays a key role in promoting the success of any organization. Poor organizational structure i.e. inappropriate methods of duties allocation, inappropriate methodologies applied to guide the flow of resources. Moreover, organization culture also plays a crucial role by promoting proper relationships among workers hence creating a harmonious working environment

Effective Management of Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Effective Management of Research - Essay Examplethat helps footling in the meaningful scholastic development of students. Most seek models, in effect, send out students with a shopping cart who go scooping up all the data they can find about the battleground assigned to them - a state, a province, a foreign country, an historic battle, a famous person, a scientific issue. Most of the breeding collected in this manner is available in encyclopedias or books, such that it precludes diligence, wield or the need to work again.This kind of research puts students in the role of information consumers instead of information producers as befit a researcher in the true sense of the word. The implications are that this research, ending up as information consumption, demands little thought, imagination or skill on the part of the students. Working as information producers, on the other hand, the student researchers are encouraged to make up their own minds, give rise their own answers to th e research questions and show independence and judgment.With all kinds of new information technologies around, the cut-and-paste method inherent to the topical approach to school research is proving more and more untenable. A new approach has thus emerged enshrining the retrieve that students cannot embark on a research project without an ideal research model selected for them by a search team composed of teachers, librarians and the school administrators. This team assists the student researchers in analyzing different models then ensconce for one that matches the projected needs and preferences of the project. The other method synthesizes the best features of all available models to go into the construction of a new one. (Assiniboine SSD) Ideally, a research topic is considered worth the students effort if it is controversial, has attracted much interest and debate, a first-of-its-kind process or product, involves innovative or new techniques, and has value in other disciplines. The work of an idealistic researcher is another interesting subject for research, as well as any individual who has achieved blow the hard bureau. In the new approach, the students are not only asked to turn in a penning on, let us say, the atrocities ordered by Hitler. They are also required to put together a template of questions that would shed light on many interrelated issues, such as why Hitler behaved the way he did, the history of both the Jews and the Aryan race, the lessons learned from the Holocaust, etc. There is a primary questions attach to by a set of subsidiary questions to get to the bottom and all angles of the subject. (McKenzie, 2000) In this new perspective, research is a process in repetition (Olin Uris Libraries). The earlier phases of the research influence the afterwards stages, while the later stages have some bearing on the earlier phases. Going back and forth is necessary to retard the reliability and validity of the research, which can be done on ly through constant review and revision. recollect that at the end of your journey, your research will be subjected to

Budget of a city Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

cipher of a city - Research Paper ExampleEach plane section head articulates their own segment of the cipher and presents it to the Village Manager and the Financial Director and consequently money are allocated in accordance with the evaluations made. The estimations made are then finalized and presented to the Finance Committee and Village get on for review and direction which is then adopted by the Mayor and Board of Trustees (The Village of Niles 1-20). THESIS debate This paper intends to conduct a descriptive study of the budget inclined(p) for the Village of Niles for the FY 2014.The paper would withal provide a detailed study of the different priorities of the budget plan along with the sources of funding for the entity and their strengths and weaknesses. Furthermore, an news report of the different segments where the money would be spent would also be provided in the paper. Different ways in which the local government could handle an economic recession would also be ascertained. DISCUSSION Explanation of the Priorities of the Budget Plan. It is considered that every budget plan is prepared with a prime motive. Fiscal budget is essentially prepared to support a number of imperative facets of a nation that require adequate assistances. With reference to the FY budget 2014 of Village of Niles, a few of the priorities that have been stated are listed hereunder Community Development The federation surfacement department is essentially associated with issuing building permits, providing inspectional services inside the resolution and keeping a track of the business and rental licensing within the village. Moreover, the department is also associated with property attention inspection within the village. It is worth mentioning that since 2013 the department has also undertaken the responsibility of the Fire Prevention Bureau and economic development marketing of the village. The major reason behind selecting the community development department a s one of the priorities for the FY budget 2014 is to develop the village zoning code in order to meet the growing need of the community, develop shortstop term and long term goals with an aim to develop the economic condition of the village and also to market the village in the national level. The budget also aims to develop the information technology (IT) software associated with the licensing, maintenance and health division within the village for better efficiency that would facilitate to provide more timber services to the public. The budget lot for the department also covers vital facets such as amended linguistic communication for Chapter 46, Fire Prevention. It has not been addressed by the government. The budget also aims at inspecting 1300 business within the village (The Village of Niles 28-35). General Government Department The General Government Department is concerned with two essential objectives i.e. to provide high quality service to the villagers and to maximiz e the efficiency of village service delivery through with(predicate) the use of cost efficiencies. The vital reason behind selecting the department as the other priority for the FY budget 2014 is to establish a coordinated relation amid the elected officials and the staff of the different departments within the village. The budget allotted for the department also aims to update the emergency operation center plan, the department also plans to collaborate with the Niles park District Plan for conducting successful

Trend Paper- Current Trend in America to End Capitol Punishment Essay

Trend Paper- Current Trend in America to End Capitol Punishment - Essay voiceSince then more than 15,000 American citizens have been executed under the death penalty inscribed in its laws and practices, with the first half of the twentieth century marking the period of time in its history, when there was the some(a) prolific use crownwork punishment (Dieter, 1). The new Millennium has been marked by a boost trend against the use of chief city punishment in the laws and practices of America. Drop in execution rates, unwillingness of some states to use capital punishment, and uprising exonerations are clear indications of the growing trend in America against capital punishment. A recent Gallup poll confirms the trend against capital punishment, with support for capital punishment reducing among the ecumenical American population to the lowest level in the last thirty years (Sarat & Martschukat, 2). There is a clear rising trend against capital punishment in America. ... nt in th e American judicial system, it is essential to evaluate the trend in the attitude of the States and communities that make up the American nation. tonic Jersey stands let out as being the first jurisdiction to remove capital punishment from its judicial system by means of legislative action, in 2006. A commission was appointed by New Jersey for evaluating its capital punishment system, and the commission by a vast majority recommended the removal of the capital punishment system. In Illinois, in 2000, consequent to a near miscarriage of justice, the Governor banned capital punishment, which still rest in enthrone. Attempts to reinstate death penalty that was overturned in 2004 have been strongly resisted by the New York legislature (Dieter, 3). The scenario across America is almost the same, reflecting a clear indication that the death penalty is no longer popularly acceptable across the country. In twelve states death penalty finds no place in their statutes. Among the other 38 states the application of death penalty is less than more, with probably the State of Texas be the sole staunch supporter of the continued use of capital punishment. With such clear evidence of mount resistance to capital punishment across America, there can be no argument against the rising trend against the use of capital punishment in America (Revenge begins to seem less sweet). Arguments for the Removal of cracking Punishment The lethal injection used for capital punishment may be a friendly manner of bringing an end to the life of an individual through the judicial process. Yet, many a botched execution, resulting from its use by unqualified personnel or poor management has roused the empathy of the public to the manner in which a condemned man is put to death (Sarat & Martschukat,

Practicing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Practicing Theory - Essay ExampleSurname Viet, Given designation Nam is 108 minutes long and was directed, edited and written by Minh-ha. The have, although based on Vietnamese women, has not been do in Vietnam the motive behind which accentuates the issues that Minh-ha raises. The essence of notion behind the enter is the about the nature of documentaries and interviews. The film raises some hard-core questions about the issues reverberating behind the curtain of what is apparent. It addresses cultural values in the crystalise of identity and popular memory. The film explores the Vietnamese woman and the role she has played in the historical setting of the Vietnam War and the role she continues to play in the modern society. It attempts to bring to surface the nexus of how real and enacted characters hair the reality, and how drastically different can documentaries be from real life. She has intricately portrayed the nuances of fictional elements that become imbued in documen taries featuring actors instead of the real people. The end result is a sensual melodrama of courage and perseverance of the Vietnamese women imbed in a beautifully crafted multilayered depiction of interviews and documentaries.In her films, Minh-ha frames a richly ambiguous connection with ethnography, maculation highlighting the cultures of suppressed groups by digressing from the typical traditional techniques of ethnographic film (Petrolle and Wexman 178). Surname Viet, Given anticipate Nam has been shot in both black and white and in color and it contains printed information as well. The film makes use of many dramatic conventions like freeze frames. Stop-motion footage has been used extensively in the start of the film. The director uses techniques that focus the audiences attention to one part of the screen. At many times in the movie, the camera is shaky and focuses on the hands of the interviewees, stressing upon the point that Minh-ha is

Organizational Design and Culture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Organizational tendency and Culture - Essay ExampleCulture tends to be presented in the change literature as a variable, which is susceptible to control and available to management for manipulation. Yet sociologists and anthropologists of various persuasions have long argued for a more(prenominal) organic, shapeual and dynamic approach to questions of culture than the rather narrow materialist view would suggest. Organizational cultures are continuously constructed and construct through interaction and intervention at the everyday level they are constantly in process and tend largely to resist central control. This is reflected in the poor track record of many plotted corporate culture programmes while a few mission statements and indoctrination sessions might change senior management s perspective.Culture assumes significance usually because the strategy of the organization, the type of people in power and its structure and systems reflect the controlling managerial ideology or culture. Furthermore, such managerial ideologies may be more important than environmental factors in guiding organizational response. Managerial ideology, in recent years, has focused on the core characteristics associated with the beaver run, achievement-oriented, excellent organizations. Core dimensions include an action focus, high customer awareness entrepreneurship and autonomy. Therefore by implication, it is being suggested that a model which assumes low employee commitment simply cannot match the standards of excellence set by world-class manufacturers.

Hijack of Air France Flight 139-Operation Entebbe Term Paper

Hijack of air France Flight 139-Operation Entebbe - Term Paper ExampleThis will include a definition and discussion of the unalike groups involved, their core aims, and the ensuring situation that arose. As such, the following analysis will also be concentric on the operation by Israeli special forces in an attempt to rescue the hostages that had been taken. Through such a discussion and analysis, it is the hope of this author that wider realities concerning global terrorism response and the means through which such antics feature continued to be perpetrated within the current era can be represented.Firstly, before delving into an in-depth discussion concerning the terrorist groups in the mall or the response by the Israeli government, is necessary to briefly engage in a discussion of relevant policy-making analysis surrounding the Europe in which the hijacking of Air France 139 was scarce a part. In the year in which this particular aircraft was hijacked, the state of Israel ha s only existed for 2 decades. However, within these two decades, two large-scale wars fought between Israel and its surrounding Arab/Muslim neighbors. Furthermore, tension between Israelis and Palestinians have reached a sexual climax due in part to the fact that continued Israelis of building and the displacement of thousands of people in heaven created a wellspring of hatred and frustration of the native peoples within the region. Furthermore, one must consider the aim and impact of the Palestinian liberation organization (one of the terrorists routes that was accountable for the Air France flight 139 hijacking) in terms of reasons political developments that have occurred only one year prior to the hijacking itself. Ultimately, Jordan, nation borders Israel on its south east, was responsible for dismantling and removing the house that immigration organization from within its borders. As a direct result of this

Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Theory - Essay Example both(prenominal) aspects being significance to line of business however, the real benefit lies in what is named as combination of both authorize the strategy (Porter, 1996). Strategy can be delimit as the collectible combination of the above and former(a) factors facilitating business to remain distinguished from the competitors. Core of the successful strategy is capability of doing things with unique distinctions. Moreover, strategies have to be guiding paths with strong unique features, locking systems that keep rivals off and forcing competitors to trade-off for imitation. Any strategy to breed success has to posses these features (Porter, 1996). Intense literature have been developed covering various theories for strategy reservation. Among aspects include theories that glide by path to the successful strategy development as well as implementation. Hence, underlying discussion is appraisal of the two widely used theories. GARBAGE CAN THEORY Cohen, M arch, and Olsen (1972) in 1972 established that end making in an organization can also be organized anarchies as supposition of Garbage Can. The theory of Garbage Can explores the decision making in an organization. As not all of the decisions made in the organizations are successful therefore, the theory of Garbage Can model is an important share towards the anomalies affecting decision making. The Main Idea The core idea forming the garbage can theory states the reason for the uncertainties in organizational decision making. These uncertainties are referred as organized anarchies. Theory cites three reasons for organized anarchies in decision making of organization that are as follow (Padgett, 1980) Preferences considered for the decision making are problematic in themselves. Therefore, unreadable preference does not allow firm to opt for the preference that may not possess rule to generate best and most suited result for the organization in the given situation. Technology b usy and used for decision making is not well understood causing inability to generate the collectable responses. Technological advancement and respective adaptability does not only refer to the technical adoption. Technological adaption requires understanding the due course of using technology in the best interest of the somebody in general and business in specific. Positions in the organizational hierarchy face higher level of turnover. Change in person is accompanied by the change in methodologies, perceptions as well as energy and effort contribution of similar person also varies. Therefore, consistently changing decision maker dilutes the type and level of confederation from decision maker as well as those that depart be affected by decisions. Hence, problems in the organization are solved in a manner that can be simply defined as the hap-hazard manner where each problem, choices and participants flow in and out of the garbage-can. Therefore such decision makings will though solve the problem but can be defined as the rationale solution. The global Strengths and Weaknesses Garbage can theory is important for its role in describing characteristics of organization decision making in any portion of time. Organizations even while solving a figure outly defined problem with clear problem solving structure pass through various choices that would have been applied in end the situation of the problem had some other assumed characteristics. Hence, in selecting the strategic choice

Westfailure System by Susan Strange Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Westfailure System by Susan Strange - Essay ExampleOn social sphere, strong company of social suffering with economic inequality causes wide gap between rich and poor classes, which potentially leads to uprisings. Thus, current exponent balance in terms of severalize sovereignty cannot manage all the domesticated and global challenges the world faces today. On another hand, Mearsheimers E.H.Carr vs. Idealism The Battle Rages On (2005) discusses the role of power from both realist and idealist perspectives. Precisely, the author wants to draw the line and find possible compromise in describing call downs nature between its realist willingness to obtain power and proclaimed liberal ideals. Moreover, the author raises deep solicitude on neglecting of realist thinkers in contemporary academic circles. Even though states during post-Cold War world justify their actions by idealist rhetoric, Mearsheimer by citing Carr blames them to hide the real power interests behind them. Thus, ex plaining contemporary states and their behavior on world-wide stage in only liberal terms is the wrong way of understanding global reality.2. secernate and power arguments in the presented articles and commonalities between themSpecifically, both authors construct their arguments by using concepts of state and power in different environments. In this section, there is a detailed description of the arguments presented in both researches with summarizing commonalities between them.As for Strange, she sees state in the broader context than only through appearance as political entity.

WICKED ANALYSIS PAPER Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WICKED ANALYSIS PAPER - Essay ExampleWhen this is coupled with her spunky intelligence and her activist aspirations, the conventional society within the book perceives her as evil, lastly dubbing her The frightening Witch of the West. Because she can be seen as having a difference in the way she looks and because her belief systems do not agree with the current trends in government, Elphaba is viewed from her society as an instrument for evil.Author Gregory Maguire has given Elphaba some(prenominal) attributes beyond her green skin that make her different than the people around her. She was born with sharp teething and her first act after the experience of creation born was to bite off the finger of a fishwife (20).Maguire writes of her as she imitates a dragon during her infancy that Her green skin made her more smooth-tongued as if she were a dragon child. She roared again - Oh sweetheart dont sad Frex - and she peed on the floor, and sniffed her body of water with satisfact ion and disgust. (44). In developing the many aspects of her personality withstories that support her differences to the social setting around her, she is being set apart for aspects of physical representation that foreshadow differences in her social assimilation that will eventually turn her society against her.human beings themselves judge that conduct (48). For Elphaba, this begins with her physical appearance. After this initial physical identifying distinction is developed by Maguire, her defining moments become more deeply established in the disagreement she develops with societal decisions that she feels leave others in a disadvantaged position. The government had put restrictions on Animals - creatures who were capable of speaking and idea in the same way as humans. In a compassionate stance, she begins to act on their behalf, behaving as a revolutionary. Because of her actions, her character begins to

Compare and contrast two quarterbacks in the NFL Essay

Compare and contrast deuce quarterbacks in the NFL - Essay Exampleared to Peyton Manning because of his extremely Bowl experience, because of his team ups fall apart stats against Mannings stats and because of his better playing stats when they are up against individually other.Supper Bowl is a major import for any actor of the NFL and representing a team during this event is the single most important predictor of how well a especial(a) player is. In case of the Brady versus Manning debate, Brady has undoubtedly won the debate. This is because he has secured two more rings of the Super Bowl as compared to Manning (Dlouhy 1). Brady has been successful in leading his team in more Super lawn bowling as compared to his competitor Manning. Brady is credited for leading his team five times during the Super Bowl in a total career of 12 seasons deducting seasons he was injured and during the time when he was recognized well(p) a rookie (Dlouhy 1). On the other hand Manning had been a ble to lead his team in the event for only three times during a total career of 15 seasons (Dlouhy 1).A real comparing between the two QBs takes place when they are head to head against each other in a football game. A comparison of the stats of the matches in which Bradys team Patriots and Mannings team Colts have been against each other clearly indicates that Brady and his team is better than Manning and his team. A total of 14 matches have been played against both(prenominal) teams in which Brady and Manning headed their offensive sides and out of these 14 matches a total of 10 were won by Brady and his team (Riccobono 1).A comparison of the wins between the two teams under the leadership of these two great QBs may leave behind a misleading image, but it is true that Brady is statistically better than Manning when they play against each other. In the 14 games in which both the QBs and the teams have competed against each other, Brady has been able to score better stats with 6% higher closedown rate and 3 more touchdowns as compared to Mannings touchdowns (Shuster 1).Tom Brady

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 68

History - Essay ExampleDiscovery of the New World by Christopher Columbus overly do people question existing view of geography by Ptolemy (the world is flat). These discoveries spawned a scientific revolution as it spurred new questions to be asked. There was much resistance to new discoveries because the people were skeptical of these discoveries and would rather stick with their old beliefs.But perhaps more importantly, resistance came from the Catholic Church because ideas from the scientific revolution take exceptiond their hold on the masses by using faith and superstition. In other words, scientific discoveries threatened the social, economic, and political order based on religion, as Christianity was often the central coherent ideology in many European societies. The people would naturally tend to question the authority of the Church because in that respect were now being offered scientific explanations based on reason and logic for many natural phenomena corresponding l ightning (just a form of electricity) and not an act of God. The scientific studies by Copernicus in 1543 theorized the Sun to be the common snapping turtle of the solar system and not the Earth as had previously been taught. This striking departure from past beliefs made people realize not to accept dogma as truth anymore science started to challenge the many ideas of religion. The Enlightenment is also called as the Age of Reason and it was influenced by the Scientific rotary motion in the sense every observable natural phenomena has to have an underlying scientific, logical explanation for it.The Industrial Revolution was similar to the Scientific Revolution because it altered the way people think and perceive the natural world. In other words, it was a big paradigm shift for them and society in general. In particular, capitalism unmake the old feudal order in which the wealth of a person was derived from ownership of vast tracts of get down with many people or serfs serving in bondage as peons. The old pattern or business model (paradigm) of

Managing Internationally Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Managing Internationally - Essay ExampleTomboy sight be analyse as a company that operates internationally due to its ashes of payoff, subcontracting and distribution where the entities involved are role in different locations typical of international companies. Production of a simple mechanical pencil may be simple, but in the case of Tombow, the process seems to be complicated. Tombow was founded by Harunosuke Ogawa in 1913 and operating its main(prenominal) headquarters in Tokyo (Mishina 1993). It has pursued modifications and innovations to make its product line-up competitive and the company profitable. Communication is ane of the essential elements in the effective management of an government. There seems to be a converse problem with Tombow. For instance, Yohei Ogawa (president of Tombow) said, when the stockouts of its products down been increasing, that the companys subcontracting system had not efficiently performed its functions. He is at a loss on what is happe ning in the subcontracting level. He is wary on what the problem could be, or how would he know the problem. ripe deliveries had also been a perennial problem of the sales department. Keitaro Ogura (head of sales promotion department), expressed dissatisfaction with the way the production people had been doing their work (Mishina 1993). Selling the products is easy he said, but the after-hours deliveries are causing edginess in the sales department. As in the case cited above, Mr. Ogura is unaware of what is happening at the production level. In fact, he seems be disgusted with the way the production people had been doing their job. He said that, . . . we cant tell if theyre just not trying hard enough, referring to the production sector (Mishina 1993, p. 4). During meetings, the problem with late deliveries are not discussed and threshed out. Definitely, when problems are presented to the higher level of management and not settled or act to be settled, this would affect the mor ale of the middle level managers. Communication is the process of sharing and exchanging reading inwardly a common interpretative framework so that the propoundation can be useful and purposeful (Booth 2008). Without the established communication channels and protocols, there provide be a breakdown in communication (Patterson 2009). Appropriate communication channels must be formed within the organization and between the organization and the suppliers, vendors, retailers, dealers and sales agents. Regular meetings can help in threshing out business and management issues. However, subject of memoranda and letters are sufficient to share information. At present, the advanced information technology can help a lot in bridging the gap in information among the different comp onenessnts of the organization. The information system has been contributing much to the changes in the organization (Mills 2005). It is clear in the case study that the use of computers and information technol ogy has not been utilized by Towbow in any of its processes. A computer system must be set up to facilitate communication among the components. IT can also help in one of the main problems of Tombow inventory control and tracking. As expressed by the head of the sales department, there had been delays in the deliveries and he was not aware of what was happening. The problem of uncertainty can be solved by a spheric inventory system for all stakeholders of Tombow, each component with specific access to the database. For instance, the orders of retailers, dealers of sales agents will be posted by the sales department in the database. The sales department will inform the main headquarter of the orders through letter or email. The sales department will post in the global inventory

Reseach Workoholics Essay Example for Free

Reseach Workoholics Es feel outIs a 40- instant work week too much? Should in that respect be a mandatory cap on the number of hours a person can work? Should there be changes in employment laws to give Americans more relaxation time? A workaholic definition is a noun a person who compulsively works hard and long hours. however the definition in a workaholics eyes is a person who values work over any other activity, according to cargonercast.com. Merriam-webster.com says its a compulsive worker (Productivity)The reasons for someone to become a workaholic are some lot dont feel their lives are fulfilled unless(prenominal) theyre engaged in constructive activities. The more they work, the happier they are. Its addictive. Where in the world can they be copious and reap the rewards of their labor only at their job? Workaholics bevel be idle. They need to be ceaselessly work. Proving their value Children who were raised in dysfunctional families, or by perfectionist parents, and were made to feel like their surpass was never good enough can grow up to be workaholics. Spending their adult lives immersed in their work is a way for them to constantly prove themselves and their worth. Escaping problems and interdict feelings another reason why people become workaholics is because they lack a sense of control in their lives.They have problems at home they cant fix, or they dont want to deal with, for example. Being at work either the time allows them to escape painful, negative feelings. It also gives them a sense of control they cant find otherwise. Adrenaline rush working non-stop provides an epinephrin rush to some people. Being extremely busy, rushing to meet unrealistic goals, and pushing themselves beyond their limits gives them that wild feeling they crave. That same adrenaline rush- the increased heart rate, the burst of energy, the heightening of their senses- comes from roller coaster rides and other thrill activities. In 1965, a U.S. Senate subcommittee predicted that as a result of increasing labor productivity from automation and cybernation in other words, the computer revolution.Americans would be working only about 20 hours a week by the year 2000, while taking seven weeks or more of vacation a year. By the mid-1970s, and especially after 1980, median wages werent keeping pace with increases in our capacity to produce. But flattening incomes didnt derail the consumption train. Americans continued to buy more, in part by going deeper into debt, by having more members of the family enter the workforce and by working additional overtime. By the boom times of the latterly 1990s, Americans worked more than the notoriously workaholic Japanese.To answer the question of limiting the number of hours you can work I mean we would have a happier and healthier society if we worked a little less. As of right now, some jobs look at a lot of time and energy. Legalizing mandating the number of hours worked is an interesting id ea. It would see a drop in try on levels, more family time and participation and healthier workers. This probably wouldnt make too many people cheerful at first, though, and it would take some getting used to. It is a way to raise healthier families and having less levels of stress that are exhibited in really tough jobs, like ER doctors and nurses, and other highly nerve-racking occupations.American work- deportment balance according to the Center for American Progress on the topic of work and family life balance, in 1960, only 20 percent of mothers worked. Today, 70 percent of American children live in households where all adults are employed. I dont care who stays home and who works in name of gender (work opportunity equality for all its a family choice). Either way, when all adults are working (single or with a partner), thats a huge hit to the American family and free-time in the American household. The U.S. is the only when country in the Americas without a national paid parental leave benefit. The average is over 12 weeks of paid leave anywhere other than Europe and over 20 weeks in Europe. Zero alter nations are without a mandatory option for new parents to take parental leave.That is, except for the United States. Lets say someone make $60k/year. Excluding benefits, employee taxes, etc., lets consider this equivalent to $30/hour. ($30/hour x 40 hours x 50 weeks = $60k). Now they want to figure out the hourly number that he/she use to square up if its worth it to do something. For example, if he/she owe a fine on something he/she dont think they should owe, but its only a $5 fine, its not worth spending an hour ($30) to contest it. BUT, its not disentangle to me if he/she should use $30/hour for this number, because Im only working 8 hours/day. Like, if someone is willing to turn over me for 40 hours/week at $30/hour, presumably he/she could get one or 2 more such jobs. Or should she/he divide that by 3 to get $10/hour because really for eve ry 24 hours, theyre only able to earn $30/hour for a third of them? Because some of these activities he/she would be doing in my off-hours (e.g., theyd have to dispute that fine after work). Or is it something in between?

US Political Parties And Elections Essay Example for Free

US Political Parties And Elections EssayThe architects of the United States constitution had not envision the predominant grapheme that semi semipolitical parties were to play later in the United States politics. No provision for their operations had been come forwardlined by the constitution in relations to the system and process of governance. This emanated from a general touch that political parties were rich grounds for corruption and would impede the general decision making process of individuals on important issues facing the nation. Political parties then were considered by the likes of James Madison to be factions that would usurp the powers and the regions of the government. With meter however, political parties emerged as the political environment got more conducive for them. The go by dint of evolved through time and have played an important federal agency in the politics of the United States. Analyzing political parties in the United States from out-of-th e-way(prenominal) is not likely to bring any meaningful insights. The American company system is weak in terms of organization and composition. They contain class and ideological differences that normall(a)y bring divisions internally. The American political product line has been in overtime outright been characterized by a two party. These two parties are not ideologically unique as they strive to take an all inclusive approach.By the turn of the 20th ampere-second, political parties were the in thing and the American citizens would align themselves either as Republicans or Democrats. By then elections could destroy over an 80 percent electorates turnout. This turnout continued to chasten with time. For example the second one-half of the coulomb recorded the lowest turn out. It stood at 63% in the 1960s elections and has continued to freeze off to barely 50% in the recent elections. This probably emanates from the inability of the parties to disseminate enough support for their parties (David Pomerantz, swear out 1990). Although major parties have continued to draw public support over the years, they have not been without the incidences of major fallouts that would threaten their existence. In the early part of the 20th century, the Republican Party had been rocked with an eminent fall out that was emanating from ideological differences among the conservatives. This row was a characteristic of both parties but it is the Republican Party that pudding head the greatest blunt. It led to a split that would see the formation of the progressive party that went ahead to business line its own presidential vista in the elections. This candidate addled but clocked the highest amount of votes every by someone outside the two key parties. The role of the political parties in the first half of the century was significant and electorates were guided by the parties in their voting patterns. The major breakaway a times experient in the two parties emanates f rom the go on of charismatic leaders whose popularity sometimes surpassed even party boundaries. The rise of the forward Party and the American Independent Party of 1968 is a witness to this. In both these occasions these parties were held at the realm of the leaders whims such that after the leaders decide to join the mainstream the parties are broken up and rejoin the major parties. Political parties exist to serve a number of factors in the political scene. These would draw from articulation of the populations demands, bringing together of the various diverse use ups in the bon ton, promoting stability and coordinating governments activities and institutions. Almost all political scholars are in agreement that there has been a decline of political parties role in accomplishing the above. These changes have been more pronounced from the 1950s. Prior to this, parties were effective in representing the broad views of the various interests and coalitions. The changes that have oc curred in the political parties in America can be measured rather subjectively by lifeing at their membership, identities, voting parties and turnout. Unlike the early times when membership and activism in the party was respected and widely acknowledged, statistics indicate that from the 1980s, only close to two percent of the whole American population could pride themselves of contend any active role in their specific parties. Whereas by then activism was party based and was meant to mobilize and popularize the party, nowadays it is candidate oriented and to an extension, issue based. This is one factor that has been identified as weakening the major parties.It is apparent that political parties have been on the decline and in their place, have given rise to politics that revolve around certain candidates rather than the parties. Ross Perot was able to make a political in road in both 1968 and 1996 because of this decline. The congress too has decreased its traditional pattern of voting on ones partys orientation.Congress members have been voting predominantly in regard to issue at hand and the perceived electorates pressure rather than along the traditional party lines. A front at the presidential elections in the recent years indicates major differences in the emphasis on the magnificence of political parties. Whereas in the presidential elections, at the turn of the century up to the new deal, the likes of Roosevelt were appealing to the electorates through the party machineries and structures. This is a trend that has come to change. Campaigns then would be based at the party take (Daniel H., Dennis R. J B, 1991).Reagan and Clinton are good examples of presidents that took to their campaigns to the public with minimal regard of their parties. This is in the understanding that it is not the parties that plant them in the office but the public. This by passing of the political parties by the president has continuously decay the role that they pla y in mobilization. People now vote for individuals and no longer for the parties. A look at the major political parties might give an insight into why political participation and their role have been on the decline.The Democratic Party mainly draws its support from the liberal groups, civil rights movements, middle and set about class workers and minority groups especially in the south. In the recent times there have been no major sensitive issues that could elicit the emotions of these varied groups and woo them into supporting the parties. Ideologically the two parties look to the highest degree similar and so have the candidates. This should explain the reason why many voters seem to have lost interest in their parties, choosing to back their preferred candidates instead.The relative success of the independent candidates indicates that a good semblance of the electorate is choosing to remain unaffiliated to either of the parties and opting to remain neutral. Peoples involvemen t in political parties has declined to near zero percent. A trend that has grown throughout the century is where the candidates no longer use the party for their campaigns utilizing the professionals rather than party amateurs. Candidates no longer respond to the dominant issues through the party organs but rather do it through the media.This brings us to the phenomena that is characteristic of the 80s and continues to grow from strength to strength. The media is slowly usurping the role of political parties in the candidates efforts to present their issues to the public. Although media campaigns have always been there in the American election, they have taken a gigantic role in marketing the candidates rather than the parties.Candidates can now present themselves to the electorate with no warranty from the relevant parties. This trust in the media as the channel through which to popularize themselves has eroded and diminished the powers and chest of drawers that a party has over a candidate. The traditional practice, for example, would be for the party members or officials to sit deplete and select one of their own to be a running mate in the presidential race. This has changed as media attention sometimes seems to be focused on those who are ready to market themselves in the public.The role of party campaign machinery and financing is also dwindling and candidates are relying more on their won individual campaign organizations, hence loyalty to parties is minimal. With the parties role declining, so does the partys interaction with the constituents decrease.However, at the poop root level, this has been the trend throughout the century and has seen party candidates being chosen through the primary process. however generally, the parties have lost touch with the constituents and it is up to the candidates sensitize the constituents they act as a link between the grass root supporters and the parties. Involvement of the constituents is reduced only to the ir voting in the primaries (Cohen, Jeffery E, 2001).A comparison of the role of the political parties between the United States and Europe paints a grim picture for America. In Europe, for example in Britain, the parties still play a crucial role in articulation of important issues. This is unlike the equivalent roles played by parties in the U.S.Indeed, a look at the trend throughout the 20th century as the parties roles in national politics and individuals lives decline so have their strength. Important issues are now articulated not by the political parties themselves but rather by social movements and personalities. The role of political parties has declined in the elections and has taken a candidate based approach.The candidates themselves resort to using the media to publicize themselves and their manifestos rather the party organs. This is explained by the rising significance of the media in articulation of policies and in bringing together the various interest groups contra ry to how it was in the first half of the century. There has been a polarization of the major divisions that existed in the society resulting to people having unanimity in the sensitive issues.References David Pomerantz, March 1990. The decline of American Parties 1952-1988 book reviews. Washington monthly.Daniel Hellinger and Dennis R. Judd Brooks, 1991. The decline of the parties, excerpted from the book, the democratic faade. Cole publishing company.Cohen, Jeffery E, 1/1/2001. American political parties Decline or revival meeting? CQ Press.

What success has liberalism sought to emancipate individuals Essay Example for Free

What succeeder has unspecificism sought to emancipate individuals Es jointLiberalism has always fought for the rights of the individual as it was one of the founding principles of the idle political orientation according to John Locke in the 17th century. As well as the rights of the individual, John Locke also adage freedom and toleration as two other key components of munificentism. This question demands, however, an examination of the conquest of liberal policies towards the emancipation of the individual. During the course of this essay one will examine how liberalism has freed the individual during the 19th Century low Gladstone and during the liberal reforms of 1906-1912. Finally one will solve that in concordance with R. Rurup that, Liberalism is regarded as the truest shoplifter of emancipation. Reforms enacted by liberal governments, often did provide huge improvements in both living standards and breeding however, they did not always fully emancipate the indi vidual.1 R. Rurup, Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook, (1975) 20 (1) p. 59First and foremost, one must disembodied spirit at the great liberal reforms of the 19th Century, enacted during both the starting line and second ministry of William Gladstone. Vincent, claims that, such reforms that, Maximised individuality, were, genuinely liberal. The first reform that most clearly emancipates the individual during Gladstones premiership was the Elementary Education Act of 1870. This as Heywood argues was seen as a way out in the 19th Century form the, Spread of slums, beggary, ignorance and disease. The act established the side basal teaching system, as children up to the age of 12 were made to attend unproblematic school. It created a codified curriculum with six standards or ages 5-12. Strict punishments were laid upon parents who refused to send their children to school. Whilst, this measurement created the provision of elementary education in the United Kingdom, it also led to numer ous problems as the new compulsory schools were not free.A means tested scheme applied to the poorest who could not afford to send their children to school, but for many it put them in a very difficult financial position. Vincent, therefore, criticises the Elementary Education Act by deeming it, Gladstones empirical socialism. The act, however, was a success as by 1880 4000 school were taken over by school boards and to the highest degree2.3 million children were enrolled in compulsory education up to the age of 12. One can say therefore, despite the criticisms by Vincent, that the Elementary Education Act did successfully emancipate the individual as it malarky to higher overall wages as workers were more skilled, for example they could read and take measurements, and it successfully started the primary schooling system in the United Kingdom. 2 Vincent A, A Modern policy-making Ideologies, (Blackwell) 1992 pg. 343 Vincent A, political Ideologies, 1992 pg. 344 Heywood A, Politica l Ideologies an Introduction, (Palgrave Macmillan) 2007 pg. 56 5 Vincent A, Political Ideologies, 1992 pg. 35Secondly, Gladstones ministry continued to emancipate the individual by expanding the franchise in the United Kingdom. This bill was the trinity reform act in the 19th Century and continued to increase the franchise by allowing anyone who had to devote rent of 10 pounds and above to vote as well as anyone who owned land with the observe of 10 pounds and above. This is equivalent to 7,300 in 2013 using the retail pricing index. This was a huge leap frontward as Goodwin describes the bill as, Progress to a better society, The bill nearly doubled the franchise in England from 2,300,000 in 1880 voters to 4,100,000 voters in 1885 and did double the franchise in the whole country from 3,000,000 voters in 1880 to 6,160,000 voters in 1892. staminate suffrage varied throughout the kingdom, however, in England and Wales, 2 in 3 adult males had the vote in Scotland, 3 in 5 did and i n Ireland, the figure was further 1 in 2. Whilst the bill was a long way off from universal suffrage and did not apply to women at all, the bill did research to emancipate those land-owners and those who rented who were not franchised in previous voting reform legislation. Therefore, whilst this piece of legislation did not collaborate the liberal ideals of equality according to John Locke and John Stuart Mill, due to its exclusion of women, it did enfranchise and emancipate a large proportion of the male population from prejudice in the voting system of the United Kingdom.6 Goodwin B, victimisation Political Ideas, (John Wiley Sons) 2007 pg.537 British Electoral Facts 1832-1987, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig Thirdly, one will look at the liberal reforms of the early twentieth century. The liberal reforms are the best example of the split in liberal opinion from classical liberalism to modern liberalism. They, shifted their outlook from a _laissez-faire_ system to a more collectivist approach, Modern Liberalism was started in the early twentieth century by leaders such as Campbell-Bannerman and Asquith. Heywood claims that inception of the reforms was spawned from the belief that, the call down should help the great unwashed help themselves. One will first look at how the liberal reforms liberate the workers of the early 20th Century.The drive Exchanges Act of 1909, created state run labour exchanges with the specific role of placing people in work who were modify by the seasonal demand of shipping and other seasonally affected trade, especially in winter. Whilst, opposed by labour unions as they feared that the labour exchanges would reduce the effectiveness of joint bargaining for fair wages, the labour exchanges by 1913 were putting 3,000 people a day into work. Whilst successful in emancipating approximately workers from the threat of seasonal unemployment the labour exchanges did have a small impact as only 25% of the working population i n the United Kingdom found employment though them. 8 Vincent Emy, H Liberals, radicals, and social politics, 1892-1914 p. 149 Heywood A, Political Ideologies, 2007 pg. 6010 Watts, D Whigs, Radicals, and Liberals, 1815-1914, p.8911 Watts, D Whigs, Radicals, and Liberals, 1815-1914, p.89Lastly, within the liberal reforms one must look at the interior(a) Health Insurance Act of 1911, which truly emancipated members of the working class, as they would have a safety net if they fell ill. Although, Goodwin views this reform as an, interference with individual freedom, but does argue that Hobhouse, having reiterated some of T. H. Greens views, claims that this extension of public control is justified on, Humane grounds. Goodwin does also explain that any, loss of independence, should be counted against the, benefits offered by the welfare measure. The National Insurance Act of 1911, offered many benefits and emancipated every worker in the United Kingdom who earned less that 160 a year. T he scheme created a compulsory government-run insurance policy plan against unemployment through illness. This emancipated workers from the fear of becoming destitute though illness. All workers paid quartette pence a week to the scheme, the employer paid three pence and the government paid two pence.Whilst there was criticism ofthe act, especially from the conservative part, as they argued that it was not the governments duty to be involved in such a scheme, the bill was passed and helped millions of workers. This can be seen as the most influential bill that any liberal government has passed during the liberal reforms between 1906 and 1912 as it both laid the foundations for the Welfare State but it also emancipated millions of workers from poverty as envisaged in _Life and Labour of the People_ by Rowntree and Booth, two influential liberal reformers.In conclusion, moreover, both the Labour Exchanges Act of 1909 and the National Insurance Act of 1911 were ultimately justified as they were seen to be based on, human grounds, and they were hugely successful at emancipating the working classes of the United Kingdom from, what Heywood describes as the, Spread of slums, poverty, ignorance and disease which was impetuous factor for all of the liberal reforms in the 46 year period between 1870 and 1918.12 Goodwin B, Using Political Ideas,2007 pg.5413 Goodwin B, Using Political Ideas,2007 pg.4914 Goodwin B, Using Political Ideas,2007 pg.5015 Goodwin B, Using Political Ideas,2007 pg.5016 Goodwin B, Using Political Ideas,2007 pg.49 17 Heywood A, Political Ideologies, 2007 pg. 56Therefore, to conclude, during the half century of liberal governments, one did see a huge improvement of both living standards and education as well as the partial emancipation of the individual. During Gladstones first and second ministry, one saw the electorate nearly doubled, leading to huge emancipation of those who, never before could vote. Gladstones government also made education required for those under the age of 10, therefore emancipating children from what Heywood calls, slums, poverty, ignorance and disease.Whereas, during the liberal government, headed by Herbert Asquith, between 1906 and 1918, the liberal government had discernibly more success in emancipating the individual as it provided both the Labour Exchanges in 1909 as well as National Insurance for those who were too sick to work. Whilst these successes in emancipating the individual were important, they were also marred by the fact that no(prenominal) of these reforms provided universal suffrage, a key principle of emancipation. Therefore, whilst the liberals were for the most part successful in emancipating the individual in the years between 1870 and 1918, their achievements werehampered by the fact that they failed to provide universal suffrage and consequently, one can conclude that the liberals emancipated the individual with partial success during their period of governance. 18 Heywood A, Political Ideologies, 2007 pg. 56BibliographyR. Rurup, _Leo Baeck Institute Yearbook_, (1975) 20 (1)Vincent A, A _Modern Political Ideologies,_ (Blackwell) 1992Heywood A, _Political Ideologies an Introduction,_ (Palgrave Macmillan) 2007Goodwin B, _Using Political Ideas,_ (John Wiley Sons) 2007Craig F.W.S, _British Electoral Facts 1832-1987_, (Politicos Publishing) 1989Vincent-Emy, H _Liberals, radicals, and social politics, 1892-1914_ (Cambridge University Press) 2008Watts, D _Whigs, Radicals, and Liberals, 1815-1914_ (Hodder Education) 2002

The Revolution will not be monetarised Essay Example for Free

The Revolution will not be monetarised EssayThe paper explains the revolution brought in media publication in the 21st cytosine. It lists the different types and source of media operable in right aways world which has bought drastic change in our lives. Publishers use various modes for publications that atomic number 18 very much profit oriented. The process of producing and disseminating in holdation or literature is known as Publication. In simple words it is supplying nurture to public through different nub.The content needs almost media to reach out to people of different areas. Normally it is similarly extensively used for distributers of scarer square like newspapers or book or cartridge holders. But recently after the invention of digital form of information via Internet, things turn out revolutionaries. The field of make has expended the scope beyond imagination involving electronic resources including electronic books, journals, and periodicals, and also bl ogs, websites etc.Publication includes the developing phases, acquiring , editing and coping, graphic designing, and then notion or uploading on the internet and promoting and giving out the magazines, newspapers, books, musical works, literary works, software and all separate forms handling almost sort of information(McLuhan Lapham 1994). It is a separate business field. Usually the publishers handle market placeing and advertising tasks as puff up but they can also sub contract other professional marketing publisher agencies.In the modern era revolution has bought by the internet and a new trend of ceaselance has introduced which means working from home on internet at their free time and in return they watch paid(McLuhan Lapham 1994). Hence one of the revolutionary changes in media publishing adopted by many of the companies is that editing, revising, proofreading, drafting, designing and other steps of publishing production are done by or with the help of freelancers. B ook promotional material another trend where the whole procedure till the phase of photographic printing is tackled by external individuals or companies, and later they are sold to publishing company.It is quite common type of implemented strategy among scurvy publishers in various defensive markets where the prior company buys the academic possessions right and then it sells package to other publishing companies and procure an instantaneous return for their capital investment. Certainly, the prior publisher will usually print enough copies to meet the markets demand and in that respectfore achieve the utmost amount of competence of the printed versions (Vivian 2008). Some corporations parent their profit margins through mixing combination though publishing of books is not among them.Even though magazine and news agency companies still frequently possess a printing press, where as book publishers scarce possess any. Correspondingly, the profession normally sells the complete and ready to sell products by a dispenser, who accommodates and supply the publishers products on a certain fixed above percentage fee or sells on a sell on return conditions( Sissors Baron 2002). The arrival of the Internet has therefore raised an exciting question which challenges the publishers, dispenser and vendors. Recently, publishing of the textbooks and the journals is a share of a foreign production.Detractor argue that standardized accounting and revenue way strategies throw relocated the publishing model of make available right of entry for all. Comparing the profit-making ideal, there is also a publication not for profit, which is either organized particularly for the intention of publishing, for example university press(Wells, Moriarty Burnett 2005). A substitution method for the commercial ideal is right for entry to all, the delivery of particularized articles, information and journals everywhere internet without any charges to information seeker and libraries .A similar expansion in this field of free source available over internet, which is also group edited, as demonstrated by a physique of schemes, like Wikipedia, Wikiprofessional, and Wikiversity. Theoretically, cinemas, television, radio, music systems, games, computer hardware, VCDs and DVDs, and cellular phonic also publish information to their spectators. Authors in a particular arena or having a limited demand originated small scale remedies to their huge market in the shape of self-publishing and small presses. Even these alternatives contain e-books format and printing on demand altogether to save from extra useless miscellaneous expenses.These substitutes for publication also give an opportunity to writers who consider that stately printing will not fulfill their requirements or those who are in a condition to earn larger sum of money by straight method sales than they actually earn from bookstall sales, like famous writers who have written a series of milestones. By this means writers are much promptly published because of a comparative lower costs incurring. In the twenty first century a large amount of new scientific revolution took place in the publishing/ printing media production. These revolutions include printing on order, e-books and easily reached publications.E-books got very good response and are rapidly beingness grown in accessibility from 2005 till date. Amazon and Google are the cream of the when talked about the digital books publishers and libraries. The installation of quickly getting a book printed cheaply on order meant that publishers no further have to keep the bulk of books at their warehouses incase their book is not in or low in demand. This is a big benefit to small scale publishers who now can easily manage max of expenses and larger scale publishers can now lower their cost by successfully selling their blacklisted books. advantageously reached publication of media sources use the digital books to score books into XM L and then later generate manifold designs from it to put up for sale to different customers, usually directed at those who have problem in reading. Layouts comprise of a variety of techniques like enlarged font size, Specific printing techniques, eye tracking dilemma and knock-down(a) deterioration, e-books and Audio or visual books. These days people are bombarded with information of all sorts. All types of media have schedule, agenda, program and pressure on the peoples thinking and opinion.Hence again the responsibility lies on the shoulder of writhers, authors, and publishers who are a prime source to media to educate these people by providing them with the tackling of critical analysis(Straubhaar, LaRose Davenport 2008). They should syllabus such that it would give a chance to people especially young generation to discover print media, examine the distinction concerning facts and fictions, investigate various source of marketing and promotion, find out the significant and p eanut information, and generate a quality drafted information which make obvious their comprehensive research workings on the media.The facts and figures should be kept in mind while getting information from advertisements that are seen in todays world. They should discover a lot of mechanism that they learned. The use of a wide range of resources for their information and a mixture of modern revolutionary method representing the information is very essential. The revolution is just fetching place as rapidly as a fire and no authority is monetarizing in to keep a check on material presented and the way it is presented on the different types and sort of media.Reference McLuhan, M. Lapham, L. H. , 1994. accord Media The Extensions of Man. The MIT Press Sissors, J. Z. Baron, R. , 2002. Advertising Media Planning. McGraw-Hill Advertising Principles and Practice Straubhaar, J. , LaRose, R. Davenport, L. , 2008. Media Now Understanding Media, Culture, and Technology. Wadsworth Publis hing Vivian, J. , 2008. Media of Mass Communication. Allyn Bacon Wells, W. D. , Moriarty, S. Burnett, J. , 2005 . Advertising Principles and Practice. assimilator Hall

Errors, Uncertainties, and Measurements Essay Example for Free

Errors, Uncertainties, and Measurements EssayMeasurements are all subject to error which leads to the uncertainty of the result. Errors whitethorn come from agreementatic errors (deterministic error) or random error (not deterministic error). In this experiment, the conference work out the diam of sphere using different kinds of measuring devices (foot rule, vernier caliper, and micrometer gauge caliper) in order to achieve truth in the scientific measurements. After experimenting, it was revealed that the micrometer caliper has the lowest percentage of error.1. IntroductionIn the previous(predicate) days, people used mostly human body parts for measuring. And because the measurement depended on the body coat and length of the person measuring, it often leads to varying measurements which leads to inaccuracy and errors in the measurements. In the following years, a better system of units of measurement was developed the metric system. The metric system is an internatio nal decimalized system of measurement, first adopted in France in 1791. Numerous measuring instruments have this system of measurement. Aside from meter sticks and ruler, the vernier caliper and micrometer caliper also use this system. The vernier caliper is a measuring device which takes advantage of a vernier carapace, a scale used to provide very precise measurements. The vernier adds an extra figure of speech of accuracy to any measurement, allowing it to be highly accurate. Like other calipers, a vernier caliper has an L-shaped goal with a movable arm which can be adjusted to allow the object being measured to fit between the arms, and a measurement to be taken. It has two scales chief(prenominal) scale and vernier scale.The main scale is touch on while the vernier scale can slide along the main scale as the movable arm is shifted. Measurements are taken by looking for the grunge on the main scale which is just to the left of the zero on the vernier caliper for the fi rst measurement, and thusly looking to see which mark on the vernier caliper comes most closely into alignment with a mark in the main scale. Micrometer caliper is a calibrated get it on device for finding pack measurements in which an object to be measured is to be enclosed between two jaws, one fixed while the other movable by means of a fine screw. When the jaws are just affecting the object, the distance between the jaws can be read on an associated scale, ofteh to an accuracy of 10 -4.It uses the principle of a screw to amplify small distances that are too small to measure directly into large rotations of the screw that are big enough to read from a scale. Most micrometers have their readout right on the shell out of the instrument. This experiment aims to achieve the following objectives (1) to study errors and how they propagate in simple experiment, (2) to determine the averge deviation of a set of experimental values, (3) to determine the mean of a set of experimental values as soundly as set of average deviation of the mean (4) to familiarize the students with the vernier caliper, micrometer caliper, and foot rule, (5) to canvass the accuracy of these measuring devices, (6) and to detemine the density of an object given its mass and dimensions.2. TheorySignificant figures are very essential in science. Each recorded measurement has a certain number of significant public figures. Calculations through with(p) on these measurements must follow the rules for significant digits. The conditional relation of a digit has to do with whether it represents a truthful measurement or not. Any digit that is actually measured or estimated will be considered significant. Placeholders or digits that have not been measured are not considered significant. There are rules in find the significance of a digit. First, digits from 1-9 are always significant. Second, zeroes between two other significant digits are always significant. Also, one or more additional zeroes to the right of both the decimal place and another significant digit are significant. Lastly, zeroes used solely for spacing the decimal point are not significant.Least forecast of any precision instrument is defined as the least distance travelled by it. For a micrometer it is measured in the following manner. Least count (L.C) of a screw gauge = hawk/ Number of circular scale division. Pitch and Number of circular scale divisions are the two factors determining the least count of Micrometer.3. MethodologyIn measuring the diameter of the sphere provided, the concourse was given trio measuring devices. To determine the average deviation and mean of a set of experimental values as well as the diameter of the sphere, the group was given the three measuring tools to study the measurement and its errors. First, the group determined the least count of the vernier caliper, micrometer caliper and the foot rule then we do ten measurements for the diameter of the sphere using th e foot rule. After completing the ten measurements, the group then calculated the mean diameter of the sphere by adding all the independent measurements and divided it to 10. Next, the group calculated the deviation (d) of each measurement of diameter from the mean diameter. After getting the deviation of each measurement, the group calculated for the average deviation (a.d). The average deviation is the sum of the deviations (d) divided by the number (n) of observations.

Literacy rates project reference Essay Example for Free

Literacy rate realize reference EssayThe importance of denotation is often take a crapn for granted in todays society. Many children who dont come onwit the opportunity to direct due to funky income face the challenges of keeping up with crop work. The goal of this cover is to present a plan for a arrest drive for capital of Nebraska Middle give lessons, a low income middle school in Gainesville, Fl. A problem that many schools may endure is trying to experience the money to bring home the bacon handwritings that the kids result be excited about instead of boring textbooks or rare books that are falling a digress. This book drive will attend to add the literacy rates of children who are try in school. A book drive ordure help to motivate children to read more and divulge them to how fun version can be. Our goal is to get children on the right track to help them result later in life. By introducing children to reading and its importance now, it reduces the lay on the line of them dropping out of school and expiry up unemployed and on the streets. tally to the National Center for Family Literacy, Research Facts and Figures, children who lack early characterisation to reading struggle academically, tend to suffer from low self-esteem, and are at much higher risk of substance ab exercise, teen pregnancy, and delinquency. Having parents that cant read increases the chances that their children will as well struggle with reading, thus continuing the cycle of illiteracy ( knave Ahead Childrens Literacy Program).Not having the luxury of reading or being read to as a child can cause these problems. Our solution is to provide books to these students to stop these problems. According to the Page Ahead Childrens Literacy Program website, reading aloud to children is the single most effective parent utilization for enhancing language and literacy education (Page Ahead Childrens Literacy Program). Simply reading to a child can energize a tough impact on their literacy development and later on their academic career.According to an azoic Childhood Longitudinal Study, 76% of children who were read to at least three times a workweek had mastered the letter-sound relationship compared to 64% of children who were read to less than three times (Denton, Flanagan, McPhee, 2009). By providing the opportunity for low-income children to flip books it not only helps them academically, besides as well introduces them to new ways to travel by their time and keep them out of trouble. Overall, our goal is to help as many children as we can, increase their literacy skills, and keep them in school to last graduate.KEEPRA Entities Kinship Kinship will be developed with the respective families of the students that attend Lincoln Middle School. The book drive will enhance the relationship between the families of the students of Lincoln Middle School by creating a join between the child and parent. Making authorized that there i s participation from the parents will increase the bond between the families. The main goal for kinship is for the students and families to turn out access to books so that they can ultimately increase their literacy rates.The book drive will benefit the children and their families because it is an inexpensive and simple way to encourage them to read. The books that will be collected from the drive will be taken to Lincoln Middle School. The students will be sufficient to choose books that they would be able to take home with them. Consequently they would be able to share with their families the diametric books that ease up chosen. Also, the families could use the books to enhance the literacy rates of the children by having a designated reading time with their children, where they could all take turns reading.When the parents read aloud with the children it will help improve the literacy of everyone involved. Also, the families will be able to go with their children to the emo llient up books so that it could be more participation of everyone in the family. Ideally, the families will enjoy the time that they spend together choosing the books and reading them together. This will encourage the children to want to read on their own and appreciate the books that they have received.The easy accessibility of the books will make the students and families continue to read to improve their literacy rates. Economic Youths ability to read and write is an important measurement to enhance a connections kind capital. By aiding in adolescent literacy and education, youth will be more equipped to become economically successful citizens in the club. Targeting low income middle-school children would increase their literacy levels and decrement the amount of money later on to modernise them for future jobs and have a much better employment prospects.Through academic engagement, young children in the lodge will increase their chances of advancing their education and i n turn fulfilling their tear downtual social and civil obligations (Venezky, Kaestle, Sum, 1987). Participation in this particular impact area of raising low-SES youths literacy rates will have a ripple effect within the direct community and economy by assisting parents, beef up families, mentoring children, and providing education that allows for dissimilar avenues in later life. One core principle objective of economic development is to promote educational planning.By providing books and increasing literacy rates, the effect would be arming children with additional forms of communication. In this way, literacy would be contributing to economic development by raising productivity of the children themselves, the people working with the children, and intensifying the campaign of general knowledge (of the environment, health, nutrition). This will wherefore allow the children to grow and take better care of their selves and decrease the costs of health care within the community (Blaug, 1966).There are many businesses and individuals that would be willing to donate books and educational items that would fund this book drive. We would not limit donated items to just books, other items could include prefatory school supplies and art supplies to aid in the entire education process. preparation The Lincoln Middle School book drive will be laid up to raise awareness and improve literacy rates for students who do not have access to books outside of school.Being in an impoverished part of Gainesville, students that go to Lincoln Middle might not be able to afford books on their own or flush lack the resources to go to a public library. The plan for the book drive is to make sure that students are able as possible to take home books because the main strategy to improve literacy is to in truth read more and if students do not have any books than they cannot practice reading. Literacy is vital to how well students action in school if a student cannot read adequ ately or at all then they will be at risk of failing.Being able to read well is essential in standardized testing students must past the Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) in order to impel on to the next seduce level. Students that cannot read well can be expected to fail the reading portion of the FCAT, resulting in them being held back from moving on to the next grade level. The Florida Department of learning released data exhibiting that in 2010 40% of Lincoln Middle School students received a failing grade in the reading section (FDOE 2010).This has a greater impact when students planetually reach high school. According to Roderick (1994) of the U. S. Department of Education, If a child is held back for one year, his/her probability of graduating from high school decreases to 50%, and if maintained a second year their graduation rate drops to about 1% (Roderick, 1994). Without a high school diploma or something equivalent to it, students will not be able to get i nto college or even get a calibre job.If a student is incapable of reading they will be at a severe disadvantage of being considered for a job position since most employers want sufficient workers who are capable of holding their own and doing the job given to them and earn a profit but if that person cannot read then they will most likely not be able to perfect(a) the task. Hopefully if the book drive is successful the students will have enough material to practice alter their reading skills and be able to graduate, then go onto college, and eventually find a good job. governmental The U. S. Department of Education and congress passed the No Child Left behind Act to eliminate the hurly burly between education quality among children with various SESs. The purpose of this act is to ensure that all children have a fair, equal, and significant opportunity to obtain a high-quality education and reach, at a minimum, proficiency on ambitious State academic acquirement standards and state academic assessments (U. S. Department of Education, 2004).This purpose can be set up by ensuring that academic assessments teacher preparation, and instructional materials are aligned with academic standards so that students, teachers, and parents can measure progress against common expectations for student academic achievementAs well as, meeting the educational needs of low-achieving children in our Nations highest-poverty schools and holding schools, local educational agencies, and States accountable for improving the academic achievement of all students, and identifying and twist around low-performing schools that have failed to provide a high-quality education to their students (U.S. Department of Education, 2004) .The government believes that in order to do this distributing and targeting resources sufficiently will make a difference to local educational agencies and schools where needs are greatest. Lincoln Middle school falls into the statistics to be greatly assis ted by this act, they have the lack of quality education given to students, they are located in and high-poverty stricken area, and have low-achieving students because the students are negatively bear upon from not having the resources necessary to improve their abilities.But we believe that the book drive will significantly help those students who are put at a disadvantage since they will now have the resources needed to survive as mentioned above in the guidelines set for by the No Child Left Behind Act. devotion church servicees and ghostlike institutions can be the key to help promote improvement in any community or neighborhood. As Ruth-Heffelbower (1996) stated, I believe the church has at least three roles to revivify in the society, the first is witness to Gods love and power.The second is to call society to peace, justice and compassion. The tierce role is to work toward the welfare of all members of the society (Ruth-Heffelbower, 1996). With the third role the churc h has in a community is to work toward the welfare of all members of society, the book drive fulfills this. By participating in the book drive the church and its members are working toward the welfare of all members of society. They are giving back to the community and attempting to improve the quality of another childs education.The church does have a role to play in society by working toward the welfare of all members of society. The importance of this role is that the church sees itself as called by God to demonstrate how things could be. It is one thing to tell people another way would be better, and quite another to demonstrate it. In order to have a book drive, we contacted local churches in Gainesville to speak to them about our idea. We quickly received positive feedback and most churches were open to our book drive.Grace unify Methodist Church and coupled Trinity Methodist Church each are allowing us to set up a drop box for the Lincoln Middle School book drive. Any books in decent condition are appreciated and accepted. With our project, it allows the local families in the community to donate their used or old books to our book drive. We advertise for our book drive through with(predicate) announcements in the Sunday services and also we have asked to be placed in the Sunday bulletin.First Presbyterian Church in downtown Gainesville was successful to hear about our idea especially because they have members of their church who attend Lincoln Middle School. They allowed us to run a note in the Sunday bulletin. Since everyone typically reads the bulletin that enables everyone to know the necessary expand about the book drive. We also have worked closely with the Sunday school teachers to ask the parents to participate when the selection up or drop off their children at Sunday school.Having a book drive through our local churches not only enables the students of Lincoln Middle School to receive books that they can read, but it also allows them to le arn about religion. Some of the books that have been donated are religious books, which could benefit the student and help them achieve a better understanding of religion. The success of this book drive depends on the support and help passim the community. First Presbyterian Church of Gainesville Grace United Methodist Church Trinity United Methodist Church Association.For our project to be effective, the Lincoln Middle School book drive needs the aid of local organization to help with our donations. We are fortunate enough to have access to and make connections with many different associations in the area. Associations in particular that have helped greatly are the United carriage and the University of Florida athletics program. The United room has collected approximately 12,500 new and used books valuing over $60,000 over the past year to provide the tools necessary for literacy to children in North Central Florida (United Way of North Central Florida, 2010).Through the United Way we can link up with other groups seeking the same goal and who have done so recently. Of these groups, one that stands out for having a successful book drive campaign is the University of Florida Gators Gymnastic team. The Gators Gymnastics take for Drive received over 1,000 books in donations 532 of these were sent to the United Way to be distributed to needy children (United Way of North Central Florida, 2010). Books were collected by allowing fans to gain free entrance into one of the gymnastic meets by donating at least two books upon arrival.Thanks to the United Way and athletics many children now have books of their own to read and provide us with a foundation for how we can set up our project and strive for our goal. So with the collective effort among us, the United Way, and other groups associated with the United Way we will be able to gather enough resource and make our book drive just as successful. Linkages Associations and Education There is a linkage between assoc iations and education through the University of Florida gymnastics team and the United Way.By using the association and the help of these organizations we can help the children of Lincoln Middle School. We can also use the education of the University of Florida and its students to volunteer and help the students to pass the FCAT. Both the University of Florida gymnastics team and the United Way have collected books to help underprivileged children. economic science and Kinship One of the main support systems of our program is the community and the families of the children. With their help we are able to provide new books to children who arent able to have them or even the access of a library.With the encouragement of the parents and the surrounding community we can continue this program and maybe even expand to other low-income schools. Religion and Education The religious community is a very big part of Gainesville. With the help and support of the local churches we can talk to th e children about the importance of reading. Reading is a big part of church services and different religious groups have offered to help the children by donating books and helping to read. The religious support of the churches can help give the students the faith and encourage them in their academic careers.Political and Economics When it comes to politics its a big influence on most of the things we do in this society. We can use the help of different political organizations to help with our program. By spreading the word about approaching book drives and the importance of reading, we can better our childrens literacy skills and the expansion of our program. The financial support of the different political organizations will help keep these children in school and onto a successful future.

Domestic Violence among African Americans Essay Example for Free

interior(prenominal) Violence among Afri laughingstock Ameri burn downs EssayDomestic violence is guy that occurs within a personal relationship. It can occur between former or current mates or significant differents. Domestic violence doesnt fork out a name it affects both men and women of any race, piety gay or slumpful(a) upper class or low class adolescents, adults, or seniors. But most of its victims be women instead men. era interior(prenominal) violence is present in all races, the existence among African Americans is significantly high(prenominal) in the United States. There atomic number 18 military many elements that read been shown to stimulate a person to choose in internal violence examples are failing relationships, lack of employment, poor school systems, violent communities, medicate use and the multitude of nearby accessible liquor stores. Experiencing any these situations can lead to strong emotions that can ultimately result in domestic viol ence. People who experience domestic violence are late affected and often live in fear.This plague has broken down and destroyed many African American communities. There are serious tangible and mental health risks involved in domestic Violence. Abortion, stress, unconsented sexual encounters, possible suicides, complicated pregnancies and murder are few possible natural results from domestic violence. (Bent-Goodley, 2004) Abuse, falsify and violence are comp cardinalnts of domestic violence. Neither the yellr nor the person being ill-use are winners in these type of situations. The ill-treatr actions shows characteristics of controlling, anger, oppressor, possessiveness, power and liar. The abusers victims are usually people that can be manipulated, scared and shield by the abuser. Although the abuser may be an adult most often their mental capacity displays claw ilk fashion. A child will typically throw fits and become angry when things get int go their way or they didn t get what they commanded. This anger that possess is shown through mental and physical abuse.Abuser are usually non very open people and they believe that are right in every situation. However, they never take the blame for their actions and slant to blame others, most often their spouse. The victimsof abuse dispose to show characteristics of having low self-esteem, sadness and being unconfident astir(predicate) themselves. Often the victim believes that this type of physical and verbal abuse should be inflicted upon them. (Agazie, 2011) Generally, a victim or spouse show signs of previously experiencing an unsound and hostile childhood, and possibly being abused as a child. As a result, they feel like an unwanted and scared child who is weak, instead of like an adult. African Americans who survive domestic violence, child abuse and community violence consistently engage in various types substance abuse at higher(prenominal) rates. (Hill, et al, 2012)African American abusers w ho has previously used a weapon or threatened their spouse with one during arguments, will more than likely kill them by lethal violence. It is stated that 80% of African American women who have murdered their partners had a history of abuse. Violence and nonviolence have been proven behaviors that are learned. affable and cultural article of faiths, outlooks on life, examples, role models influences on whether a person decides to engage in volatile or nonvolatile behavior. It is very key to know how a person elects to use violence or nonviolence. (Wimberly, 2000)Statistics have shown that African American women are more prone to leave an offensive relationship and then retrogress to it compared to white women. (Agazie, 2011) African American women suffer mistreatment over a long period of time and have a tendencies fight back. Close to 50% of victims that attempt to leave their abusive relationship are killed by their partners. (Williams, et al, 2008) African American women are brought up as younger girls under strong religious belief and family values. They are taught at a young age that once you get married you do what it takes not to become a victim of divorce. They are told that it may not be easy but you are married for life once you have made that commitment. With this type of upbringing African American women tend to procrastinate and often hesitate leaving an unhealthy marriage due to their beliefs. Most people dont not understand the reasoning behind women staying in this form of relationship.While the reasons for their reluctances to leave an abusive relationship are uncertain, some likely justifications would be (1) when searching for a spouse African American women have a smaller amount of choices than White women (2) African American womens income is normally cut than of mostWhite women (3) Black women are reluctant to call the police due to the trust that African American in the justice system. Unfortunately, most battered and abused Black women find no other way out of the relationship and resort to killing their partners. Losing financial means may also moderate to the reason why African American women of lower class are reluctant to report abuse. The abusing spouse may take care of the victim financially by providing a place to stay, clothes and victuals and, in order to keep their current living status so they remain quiet more or less the abuse. Reputation may play a part in why African American women of higher class hesitate to report abuse because they dont want to put their reputation at risk.Another reason why abused victims remain quiet is because they may not be interpreted serious by law en strong suitment. It has been confirmed that domestic violence is treated more like a private family matter rather than serious matter. Typically when law enforcement is called to a domestic violence scene, no arrest is usually made and if they are ever prosecuted the case is usually dismissed. (Hampton, et al, 2008) In many cases I have found that the African American community seems to accept, if not encourage, the domestic violence that exists within it. While it is easy to blame education or social rank for a couples behavior or societys reaction to it, these factors are often not as important as one might expect. A adult female with multiple degrees or at the highest level of social strata is as vulnerable to domestic violence as the woman who did not graduate form high school. It as as likely for a man who is born to an upper middle class family and a man born to a family that lives in poverty to participate in an abusive relationship.The Black church has ceaselessly and continues to be a pillar of strength to Black families and communities. The Black church has been a powerful force in the Black community. Domestic violence is a tough situation to endure, so many African Americans turn to prayer to cope with the difficulties in their lives. (Watlington Murphy, 2006) The Black church h as been unreliable and, at times, inadequate in reacting to domestic violence situations. (Bent- Goodley, et al, 2012) For instance on August 22, 2007, Bishop Thomas Weeks, diplomatic minister of an independent ministry that worked out of the world(a) Destiny Church (Haines, 2007) assaulted his wife, Juanita Bynum. This assault is significant not only for the positions held by the participant, but also for the actions interpreted by the African Americancommunity itself. According to Haines (2007) the community did not speak out against the pastor after the beating. Rather, some members of the community spoke in support for the pastor.Haines quotes one individual as handbill a message to Weeks MySpace page that read, Bishop Weeks, dont be discouraged, but be encouraged. Stand firm and know that the passe-partout is mighty in battle. Haines reports that another community member asked her own pastor about the Weeks domestic abuse case, only to find that he had no reaction to the abu se and only provided him with scriptures. making her call into question what he could offer her if she were a victim of domestic abuse (Haines, 2007). While this situation may be distressing, it is not unusual. According to Jordan (2005) When African American men act as bullies toward African American women they tend to engage in active-passive renunciation, which leaves abused women the choice of speaking out or being ostracized. What salmagundi of message does this send? As a young girl I watched my mother be abused countless times by my very own father.She endured this abuse for many years and it appeared as though she would never leave him. It was as if she was accepting of it or had merely gotten used to it. Then one sidereal day after 13 years she left and didnt look back. Although she didnt speak out about it, she removed herself from the situation. Most of my family knew about the situation but never brought it up. Years later my father in the end changed for the better. I believe that change has to come from within. You can acquire help and assistance but until you want to change no one can help you. It is difficult to create successful programs and mediation approaches that are geared towards domestic violence without fully understanding how African Americans grasp and distinguish this disease. (Bent-Goodley, 2013)Domestic abuse is not distinctive to the African American community. As it stands, whether an African American woman is rich or poor, educated or not, she is at grave risk of being abused by her partner. As it stands, that woman is also at grave risk of being rejected by her community and even her family, if she speaks up about her abuse. Domestic abuse is not limited to only woman but the percentages are outstandingly high compared to an abused make victim. This violence must come to an end. Through education from within, it might be possible to initiate change.ReferencesWilliams, Oliver J. Oliver, William Pope, Marcus. (2008). Domest ic Violence in the African American Community. diary of Aggression, ill-treatment Trauma, Vol. 16 supply 3, p229-237. 9p. Agazie, Maxine. (2011). Cultural Considerations Impacting Domestic Violence Among African American Women Implications for complaisant Work. Conflict Resolution dialog journal, Issue 1, p138-141. 4p. Watlington, Christina G. Murphy, Christopher M. (2006). The roles of religion and spirituality among African American survivors of domestic violence. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Vol. 62 Issue 7, p837-857. 21p. Bent-Goodley, TB. (2013). Domestic Violence Fatality Reviews and the African American Community. HOMICIDE STUDIES, Vol. 17, Issue 4 p375-p390. Bent-Goodley, Tricia B. (2004). Perceptions of Domestic Violence wellness Social Work, Vol. 29 Issue 4, p307-316. 10p. Hill, Nicholle Woodson, Kamilah Ferguson, Angela Parks, Carlton. (2012). Intimate Partner Abuse among African American Lesbians Prevalence, Risk Factors, Theory, and Resilience. Journal of Fami ly Violence, Vol. 27 Issue 5, p401-413. 13p. Campbell, Jacquelyn Campbell, Doris W. Gary, Faye Nedd, Daphne Price-Lea, Patricia Sharps, Phyllis W. Smith, Cheryl. (2008). African American Womens Responses to Intimate Partner Violence An Examination of Cultural Context. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p277-295. 19p Bent-Goodley, Tricia St. Vil, Noelle Hubbert, Paulette. (2012). A Spirit Unbroken The Black Churchs Evolving Response to Domestic Violence. Social Work Christianity. 2012, Vol. 39 Issue 1, p52-65. 14p. Wimberly, Edward P. (2000). The Civil Rights Movement as a Potential Mentoring Model for destination Domestic Abuse. Journal of Religion Abuse, Vol. 2 Issue 1, p33. 16p. Hampton, Robert L. LaTaillade, Jaslean J. Dacey, Alicia Marghi, J. R. (2008). Evaluating Domestic Violence Interventions for Black Women. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment Trauma, Vol. 16 Issue 3, p330-353. 23p. Haines, E. (2007). Charges against husband put new focus on te levangelist. USA Today.com. Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/news/religion/2007-09-01-ynum_N.htm Jordan, L. M. (2005). Domestic violence in the African American community. Retrieved from http//new.vawnet.org/Assoc_Files_VAWnet/RoleoftheBlackChurch.pdf