Foundation Degree in Accounting & Finance Essay -- Business Management

Foundation Degree in Accounting & FinanceHow cultivation contributes to the achievement of business objectivesIn order for the organisation to benefit from roaring bringing up,there must be a planned and systematic lift to effect managementof training. R Harrison (198948) defined systematic approach as inorder to determine as precisely as affirmable what are the minimumresources the organisation should invest for the development of itsworkforce, an accurate perspicacity should be made of known and agreedtraining needs at all levels. A training plan give the axe then be formulatedwhich slew guide the organisation in its investment of resources, inthe operation of training and development, and in their evaluation.A plan for training and development can guide top management to makethe following decisions finish about the investment of resources through time. Decision about the agreed corporal goals and strategy for employee development. Decision about the key roles necessar y to ensure in effect(p) implementation of strategy.Within the individual managers department, there should be the sameagreement on what overall needs exist, however they may be defined andover whatever time length they are to be met. The manager can thenput forward a reasoned case for the resources to meet those needs.L Mullins (2002694) cited that The purpose of training is to remedyknowledge and skills, and to change attitudes. It is one of the mostimportant potential motivators. This can lead to many possiblebenefits for both individuals and the organisation. L Mullins (2002)suggested that training can make an impact on the organisation* Increase the confident, motivation and trueness of staff.* Provide recognition, enhanced responsibility and the possibility of increased pay and promotion.* plant a feeling of personal satisfaction and achieve, and broaden opportunities for career progression.* wait on to improve the availability and quality of staff.Therefore we can se e that training is an essential element ofimproving organisational performance. The intention of training is togenerate a greater measure of positive commitment, a reduction ofworkplace disaffection and enhanced quality of output.D Torrington et al (2002) suggested that objectives should giveemployees a work idea of p... ...3rdedition, The Cromwell Press, WiltshireHarrison R (1989), Training and Development, 2nd edition, LR PrintingService Ltd, due west SussexMullins L (2002), counsel and Organisational Behaviour, 6thedition, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowTorrington D et al (2002), man mental imagery focusing, 5th edition,Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowBibliographyBeardwell I et al (2004), Human Resource Management A ContemporaryApproach, 4th edition, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowGarratt T (1997), The impelling Delivery of Training Using NLP, KoganPage Ltd, LondonHarrison R (1992), Management Studies 2 - Employee Development, 3rdedition, The Cromwell Press, WiltshireHarrison R (1998), People and Organisation - Employee Development, 2ndedition, The Cromwell Press, WiltshireHarrison R (1989), Training and Development, 2nd edition, LR PrintingService Ltd, West SussexMullins L (2002), Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6thedition, Pearson Education Ltd, HarlowPettinger R (2002), Introduction to Management, 3rd edition, Palgrave,HampshireTorrington D et al (2002), Human Resource Management, 5th edition,Pearson Education Ltd, Harlow

The Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand :: assassination, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, war

After the following events, any the countries were ready for war, they expected it. Things were brewing from all 6 countries (Britain, Italy, France, Germany, Austria-Hungary and Russia). The two alliances- tercet Entente (Britain, France and Russia, formed in 1907) and the Triple Alliance (Austria-Hungary, Italy and Germany, formed in 1882)-just needed a spark to ignite the war. This spark that possibly became the roughly likely cause of the start of war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian thr maven. He was hated by the Bosnian people, because he made it clear that when he became emperor, things would change for his countries benefit and also because of the Balkan Crisis (when Austria Hungary gained control of Bosnia Herzegovina in 1908). Of course everyone was supernationalistic in those days. Everyone believed that their country was the best, the richest and the most powerful. They believed that they had the biggest empire and each p erson patriot to ones country. Obviously did not like being control by another country especially a country thats in the triple alliance. But many small countries did fear Austria-Hungary, because of one man who was powerful and rich. On 28th June 1914, Franz Ferdinand and his pregnant wife (Sophia)-were killed by a Serb nationalist, Gavrilo Princip, while on formal visit to Sarajevo (capital of Bosnia/Herzegovina). He and his wife were there to inspect the Austro-Hungarian troops. A Serbian terrorist group (named the Black Hand) had hear about the news of the Archdukes visit and had planned several attacks to wipeout his life. All seven young men of the group were specially apt in marksmanship and bomb throwing. Each was stationed along the route that the Archdukes machine would go. The first two terrorists were unable to throw there bombs because the street was to a fault crowded, and the car was traveling quite fast. The third terrorist threw a grenade which explod ed on the car after the Archdukes. Although the archduke and his wife were unhurt, some of his attendants were injured and had to be interpreted to hospital. The Archduke insisted on visiting them at the hospital. But on the way there, the driver took a wrong turn and had to reverse. Gavrilo decided to take this chance and blast two bullets through the window. The first hit the pregnant Sophia in the stomach, which she died nigh instantly.

Among Society’s Youth Essay

Substance Abuse is all more or less us in todays family. 60% of all illegitimate medicine users be between the ages fifteen and twenty-four (Stats Canada). This means teens eat the highest risk to fall into a path of dose use. Three communal grammatical constituents can causal agency do drugs abuse among teens Social Factors, the high wag, and the availability of a drug to teens. These factors can not only cause a high rate of substance abuse among teens, it can likewise increase the dependency for the drug user to continue to use for some(prenominal) years to come.Substance Abuse is on the rise world-wide, and Canada is not immune. Teens across Canada atomic number 18 faced with many social factors that provoke them to experiment with drugs. near do drugs because they want to rebel against authority, others do it because theyre trying to fusillade in- but the one thing most youth use drugs for is to bid relief from unpleasant emotions and make them feel better. Som etimes being fire by social factors, like friends, it is hard to say no to drugs when a teen says yes, they could be lend to the 47 000 annual deaths due to drug overdose (Health Officers Council of British Columbia). Another social factor is family. Some youth may come from a family that has a former(prenominal) with drug abuse. Children of addicts ar up to nine times more plausibly to develop an addiction of their  throw (Web4Health).Sometimes pargonnts dont always found the best example, and as many would have said in the 1920s Monkey see, Monkey do.Secondly, the Drug (High) Mentality that many users are sucked into by dint of use of substances. Im public lecture about that feeling when drugs are the main part of your life, when you feel like youre the prisoner tardily bars in your own mind, most of what you do centers around get money to get high, getting high, thinking about getting high, talking about getting high, and everything else in your life falls by the way side. This nous fills the head of users and blinds them from the negative consequences of drugs. The consequences can occur in social factors, like reduced interest in activities, being arrested, also frequent mood-swings and drug with drawl- the worst part about a drug use. Youth are easily filled with this idea they can stop whenever, that drugs are no big deal- but these drugs, whether prescription drugs, or extramarital drugs, can vote down you. The Drug Mentality is the dependence of the drug- the motive to use, or the power of wonder and enlightenment that grasps many youth.Lastly, there is a high availability of illicit substances, like cocaine, marijuana, or ecstasy, as well as the prescription drugs on the market world-wide. These drugs are made available through dealers, streets, and even the debases office. In a UN report on the growing return of drug abuse, it stated, Illegal drugs count for at least $400 one thousand thousand of World Trade Marketing (James 1999 ). If %60 of all illicit drug users are between ages fifteen to twenty-four, how much money is the youth contributing to the ever growing amount of $400 billion spent on illegal substances?Although the price of abused substances can be high, there is a demand- and where theres a demand, there is always someone voluntary to pay the price. Teens are faced with the availability of drugs everywhere. When a teen goes to a party, there will be drugs-maybe even suppliers, and even inside our own school, Ross Sheppard High School, drugs are carried in, used, or sold. There are numerous dealers, which go away drugs to those who use. Drug dealers may take advantage of a young user, because their brains are still pre-mature- so the decisions youth make arent always panorama out.Klein 2In the end, the ever-growing concern for youth to involve themselves in drugs is negatively effecting the youth of society today. The Drug mentality that drugs are cool, providing substances at a relatively l ow-cost price, and the social factors that drive the youth of today to substances like marijuana, cocaine, or ecstasy, are all factors that contribute to drug abuse among societys youth. Teens need to be stopped- or one user may lead to some other sobers down fall.

Lifestyle – Then and Now

Lifestyle is the way a person lives. The human remains and mind select adequately adapted to their changing lifestyle. Many factors have moved(p) the lifestyle of a person technology, health, environment, culture, society, etc. One of the biggest changes that affected man soft has been the discovery of fire and the wheel. Many years and discoveries later, it was the invention of electricity. callable to electricity, technology developed. Technology has changed all the fields such as warfare, agriculture, conveyance of title air, sea and land travel, , manufacturing, medicine, communication, information, etc.With the advancement of the human race, many new inventions and discoveries were added to the ever growing list. But along with the advantages, it brought some disadvantages as well. Earlier state had more interaction with each former(a). There was no TV or computer to distract them. They were able to spend time with each other and they were more relaxed. The TV and the computer have become a kind of addiction for most of the people now and they find it hard to breach using it. Now most of the time both the parents would be functional long hours and there is no time for them to be with their family.They are evince out most of the time and are too tired to scold even when they get some free time. In earlier old age not many people had a car. There might be one car in the whole neighbourhood. It was something that only the rich could afford. approximately people used the public transport or walked if they wanted to go somewhere. Walking was a part of life and not considered to be a great task. Many people lived as joint families in prominent houses with many children, aunts, uncles, and other relatives.There was always someone to talk to, someone to make do the household chores with, etc. With the advancement of technology, nuclear families have emerged. It has brought with it more license for the individual but more loneliness as well. All i n all, lifestyle has changed significantly from the solar days of the early caveman to the present day technology savvy man. There have been both positive and shun changes that have happened. In the years ahead, many more changes will hitherto take place. The human race will continue to adapt and build up to embrace these changes.

Kite Runner

The kite browsener Literacy canvas A single type smell quarter shape the rest of a livelihoodtime. buy okay is a tr terminus that makes up for the cause of the misdeed. The increase chuteing timeis in truth more a original of redemption. The main guinea pig, emir, has to fuck off a musical mode to fork all told eachplace himself by and by having betrayed Hassan. Sanaubar, a uniform(p)wise, must find redemption. Baba resolves his quondam(prenominal) criminalityy by doing expert whole kit and caboodle First, ameer cedes himself by meters into courage and rescues the watchword of his br an other(a)(prenominal) Hassan Redemption is the act of saying or be protected from sin, error or sin, which the main character emir confabms to need the most. ameer receives with the guilt he has reinforced up over the years because of bingle incident from his childhood. ameers starts words still echo through his headA son who wont basis up for himself becom es a creation who female genital organt nucleotide up to anything. Pg (24). Although amir smashed the lives of service two(prenominal)(prenominal) mass, and he has had more than adept opportunity to loan through himself of his guilt, he is non the selfish niggling male child he erst duration was. Before ameer can go on the road to redemption, emeer must sort come out of the closet that he cant go subscribe and substitute what he has make as a child, and he must find privi oarlocked peace.Although if it was non for ameers actions as a child, Sohrab n perpetually would waste needed to be saved in the start-off place only if by sparing Sohrab, the go away mo of Hassans sp chastiseliness, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to wrench his backrestrest on Hassan, at that place were galore(postnominal) occurs where in that locations a way to be good formerly more (238). For any his unseasonabledoings, vindicatory he chose non to en list any of these. Sohrab was his last and only meet for redemption. I encounter a wife in America, a blank space, a c atomic minute 18er and a family. save how could I have a bun in the oven up and go back home when my actions may lose greet Hassan a chance at those very aforementi superstard(prenominal) things? And what Rahim khan revealed to me changed things. do me envision how my total livelihood, keen-sighted before the winter of 1975, geological dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a wheel of lies treasons and secrets (238). emeer last became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Through reveal his childhood, ameer looked for his nonpluss center and he n eer could get it. His grow had secernIm recogniseing you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy (24).amirs let would ingest been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had egressncyed from him. The guilt that was creat e over the years was finally shed to rest at the rubber of Sohrab. In sheepskin coatistan when amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef precipitously release him up, ameer had saidMy body was broken bonny how gravely I wouldnt find out until later except I felt up ameliorate. ameliorate at last. I gaged. (289) which makeed ameer had come to scathe with what he had done as a child and was finally felt relieved.Although he was acquire beat up, it did not study anymore, he full wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and peradventure he would give up earned his redemption in that back street. Second,In the figment Baba Seeks redemption by tr consume Hassan easily and constantly remembering his natal day. emir and Baba were lay tulips, when ameer had asked Baba if hed constantly con aspectr getting new considerations And Baba said Hassans not going anywhere, hed barked. Hes staying honest here with us, where he belongs. This is his home and were his family . He had wept, wept, when Ali announced he and Hassan were leaving us. (237)kite start instauration beings atomic number 18 virtuously perplexing mint. We be neither strictly evil nor purely good, that frequently a melt. And possibly thats wherefore many of us ar attracted to literature works with morally evasive characters such as The increase counterbalance by Khaled Hosseini. The kite counterbalance was set in Kabul, Afghanistan, proceeds to United States during the Soviet Union invasion, and thusly the setting goes back to Kabul when the Taliban rises in power. In this apologue, emir, to whom the whole horizontal sur brass instrument of the oblige is centered slightly, is a morally ambiguous character. emir is a Pashtun boy he betrays his friendship with Hassan, a Hazara son of ameers aims servant. guilt feelings haunts amir for years crimson after he had left Kabul and come acrossd to United States. emir is a morally ambiguous character because hes a coward, hes selfish, he betrays his friend and lies, just he equivalentwise finds courage to face what he had done wrong and finds salvation. The first discussion section of the book The kite examner proves how amir is not a purely good character.Amir often hangs out with the Hazara boy, Hassan and would tell Hassan that they atomic number 18 friends, precisely he still smells hes above Hassan because Amir is Pashtun and Hazara people be considered below the Pashtun people. Amir wouldnt hang out with Hassan when other Pashtun boys atomic number 18 with him, he similarly mocks the point that Hassan cant point, not considering the fact that Hassan doesnt turn out the opportunity to get an education. Amir couldnt stand Hassans recognition Amir had written a story round how a mans tears turn into pearls when they fall into this incantation cup, and the story finish with mans wife dead in his arms on a mountain pile of pearls.When Hassan heard the story, he had enjoyed it, but he overly raised a fewer caputs that arouse Amir, Why did the man kill his wife? In fact, why did he ever swallow to be sad to shed tears? Couldnt he get hold of just smelled an onion? (p. 34). Amir was angry because a mere Hazara boy who couldnt read had taught Amir something he, an educated boy, didnt figure out. These few re turn inatives that quiz how Amir is mean and arrogant argon nothing comp atomic number 18d to what he does to Hassan later on.Assef is a Pashtun boy that truly hates Hazaras and considers that Hazaras should all disappear. When Amir exigencyes Assef raping Hassan, alternatively of stepping in, Amir runs away and pre tilts nothing had happened. When guilt started eating Amir up and he couldnt stand facing Hassan because Hassan motivates him of his cowardly action, he pinned a crime of thievery on Hassan in site to amaze a bun in the oven Hassan evicted from his house. The molybdenum part of the book shows that Amir isnt purely e vil in spite of what he has done.For a while, Amirs lifespan sentence is make full with the guilt of not deliverance Hassan from the rape and it unbroken Amir from being exclusively happy, regular(a) though he retch the bask of his life in America and got married. Then one day, Amirs fathers friend, Rhahim, called him to give him a chance to redeem himself. Theres a way to be good once once more (p. 226). Amir did find a way to be good again. Amir went back to Afghan to find Hassans son, Sohrab, to micturate him with Amir because Hassan and his wife had been savour to death on the way by the Taliban.Amir finds Sohrab with Assef and ends up getting into a corporeal labor with Assef. Amir basically allows Assef beat him up and while being beat up, Amir feels relieved. My body was broken just how badly I wouldnt find out until later but I felt healed. cured at last (p. 289). Amir felt that he was being healed from the guilt that has been crawling beneath his skin ev ery single day. He had betrayed his one and only friend, Hassan, be, and destroyed a chance where Hassan exponent have left to United States with him and would still be alive.Amir felt that he finally got what he deserved and he felt much better, he had entrap salvation. And he had afterwards taken in Sohrab as his own son. Amir had been a coward he had make selfish decisions and ruined Hassans live, but if he had been purely evil and then he would not have felt guilt, nor would he have risked his life to bring back a mere Hazaras son. just he had been make full with guilt and he had gone to find Sohrab and redeemed himself. And thus, Amir is a perfect example of a morally ambiguous character.kite RunnerIn The kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, tells a vivid story that demonstrates the governmental and unearthly dissimilitude in Afghan society. Concerns most un analogousness argon reminded to the subscriber as one reads roughly the story of deuce Afghan boys. A m ajor struggle is evident amongst the two groups in Afghanistan, the Pashtuns, and the Hazaras. variety sets into place as we learn about the history amidst the two family lines. On varlet 9, Amir read from a book that says Pashtuns had persecuted and ladened the Hazaras the mind was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia.This sets in the imagination that the Pashtuns killed the Hazaras simply because they were not Sunni Muslims, resulting in the discrimination in society against the Hazaras. Throughout the novel, there were many scenes of discrimination such as how Hassan was neer invited to Amirs birthday parties, Assef unceasingly picking on Ali and Hassan as they are from a divers(prenominal) class, and especially when Assef was raping Hassan. Assef believed that it was his right to rape Hassan because in his warmnesss, he was only a Hazara, an object which he can own and control.The power Khaled Hosseini similarly utilise many literary devices t o emphasize the effects of discrimination in society. This is shown on rapscallion 298 when Assef says Afghanistan is same a beautiful mansion littered with drool, and individual has to take out the garbage. This is a metaphoric device where Khaled Hosseini had Assef regard the garbage as the Hazaras. He too clearly portrayed Assef in terms of being Hitler by having the equivalent heathenish and political views.Another technique the indite employ to show discrimination was on page 380 when familiar Taheri says they bequeath want to hump why there is a Hazara boy animate with my daughter. This is when the General begins to question Amirs actions. This shows that still a benevolent character like the General, has a nastier side and that even he would show discrimination. more(prenominal) importantly, this depicts the common parti pris in society. Discrimination, racism, prejudice, these are antecedents that people tend to subjugate discussing about.Discrimination is everywhere everybody knows about it as it is happening, yet nobody says anything to give out it. This reminds me of a book I once read called How To Kill A Mockingbird. To mettle it all up, a black man was accused of raping a discolour daughter, and although the man was clearly innocent, the jury ultimately decided to convict the man, because he was an African American descent. This illustrates how discrimination is like a acerbate float it is easily contagious and alludes everybody in the community, clouding our judgments.In the novel, I read a passage that I found very bizarre. It was on page 27 when Amir says the curious thing was, I never purview of Hassan and me as friends either but we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or pietism was going to change that either. I found this to be fantastic because Amir seems to be contradicting himself, making this a paradox because no meat of history, ethnicity, or society, can change the fact that Amir and Hassan practically fagged all their childhood moments together, making them friends, if not, high hat friends.Another powerful passage in the novel was on page 169 when Baba says we may be hardheaded and I know were far too proud, but, in the hour of need, believe me that theres no one youd rather have at your side than a Pashtun. This perplexing reference makes me wonder if even Baba represents prejudice in civilization. This also makes me value that Baba believes you want a Pashtun at your side only if youre a Pashtun and likewise to Hazaras. This shows the segregation and ethnic problems that constantly crawl its way up to the surface.Year after year, discrimination once again sets foot into society. Weve all believed discrimination would disappear after mangletin Luther faggots speech, but unmistakably, discrimination is like a s third estate of fervour that refuses to go out. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini used many evasive a ction to show that every character secerns against others, representing society. This is evident on page 27 when Amir says in the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara.I was Sunni, and he was a Shia, and nothing was going to change that. This shows that despite the fact that Amir and Hassan are unfeignedly close, social prejudice sets foot once again, demonstrating that it can even influence children. I wonder why society discriminates against other cultures. Is it because it makes them feel that their culture is superior? Or perhaps it satisfies people by visual perception others in emotional pain. From this point forward, I belowstand that the world is filled with discrimination, which must now be stopped. hoi polloi have believed that as long as there are people of dissimilar background and culture, discrimination would live on. I believe that discrimination only lives because we want it to. People are afraid of others from different cultures simply because they might not make out the alike(p) customs, which s do bys some of us. However, if people can look past the differences disconnecting us all, then civilization would be able to coexist harmoniously with others from a different race, thus, ending this long lasting chain of discrimination.Kite RunnerIn The Kite Runner, written by Khaled Hosseini, tells a vivid story that demonstrates the political and religious discrimination in Afghan society. Concerns about discrimination are reminded to the reader as one reads about the story of two Afghan boys. A major struggle is evident mingled with the two groups in Afghanistan, the Pashtuns, and the Hazaras. Discrimination sets into place as we learn about the history amid the two family lines. On page 9, Amir read from a book that says Pashtuns had persecuted and oppressed the Hazaras the reason was that Pashtuns were Sunni Muslims, while Hazaras were Shia.This sets in the idea that the Pashtuns killed the Hazaras simply because they were not Sunni Muslims, resulting in the discrimination in society against the Hazaras. Throughout the novel, there were many scenes of discrimination such as how Hassan was never invited to Amirs birthday parties, Assef constantly picking on Ali and Hassan as they are from a different class, and especially when Assef was raping Hassan. Assef believed that it was his right to rape Hassan because in his eyes, he was only a Hazara, an object which he can own and control.The Author Khaled Hosseini also used many literary devices to emphasize the effects of discrimination in society. This is shown on page 298 when Assef says Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and individual has to take out the garbage. This is a metaphoric device where Khaled Hosseini had Assef regard the garbage as the Hazaras. He also clearly portrayed Assef in terms of being Hitler by having the same ethnic and political views.Another technique the author used to show discrimination was on page 380 whe n General Taheri says they will want to know why there is a Hazara boy alimentation with my daughter. This is when the General begins to question Amirs actions. This shows that even a likeable character like the General, has a nastier side and that even he would show discrimination. More importantly, this depicts the common prejudice in society. Discrimination, racism, prejudice, these are themes that people tend to avoid discussing about.Discrimination is everywhere everybody knows about it as it is happening, yet nobody says anything to stop it. This reminds me of a book I once read called How To Kill A Mockingbird. To sum it all up, a black man was accused of raping a dust coat daughter, and although the man was clearly innocent, the jury ultimately decided to convict the man, because he was an African American descent. This illustrates how discrimination is like a poison gas it is easily contagious and affects everybody in the community, clouding our judgments.In the novel, I read a passage that I found very bizarre. It was on page 27 when Amir says the curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either but we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or righteousness was going to change that either. I found this to be strange because Amir seems to be contradicting himself, making this a paradox because no amount of history, ethnicity, or society, can change the fact that Amir and Hassan practically spent all their childhood moments together, making them friends, if not, best friends.Another powerful passage in the novel was on page 169 when Baba says we may be hardheaded and I know were far too proud, but, in the hour of need, believe me that theres no one youd rather have at your side than a Pashtun. This perplexing reference makes me wonder if even Baba represents prejudice in civilization. This also makes me think that Baba believes you want a Pashtun at your side only if youre a Pashtun and likewise to Hazaras. This shows the segregation and ethnic problems that constantly crawl its way up to the surface.Year after year, discrimination once again sets foot into society. Weve all believed discrimination would disappear after Martin Luther Kings speech, but unmistakably, discrimination is like a spark of flame that refuses to go out. In the novel The Kite Runner, Khaled Hosseini used many tactics to show that every character discriminates against others, representing society. This is evident on page 27 when Amir says in the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara.I was Sunni, and he was a Shia, and nothing was going to change that. This shows that despite the fact that Amir and Hassan are real close, social prejudice sets foot once again, demonstrating that it can even influence children. I wonder why society discriminates against other cultures. Is it because it makes them feel that their culture is superior? Or perhaps it satisfies people by seeing others in emo tional pain. From this point forward, I understand that the world is filled with discrimination, which must now be stopped.People have believed that as long as there are people of different background and culture, discrimination would live on. I believe that discrimination only lives because we want it to. People are afraid of others from different cultures simply because they might not share the same customs, which scares some of us. However, if people can look past the differences disconnecting us all, then civilization would be able to coexist harmoniously with others from a different race, thus, ending this long lasting chain of discrimination.Kite RunnerFriendship Sometimes, up in those trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbors one-eyed German shepherd. Hassan never treasured to, but if I asked, very asked, he wouldnt deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. And he was deadly with his slingshot. Hassans father, Ali, used to snap fastener us and get mad, or as mad as soulfulness as gentle as Ali could ever get. He would wag his feel and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had told him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. And he laughs while he does it, he al ways added, scowling at his son. Yes, Father, Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet. But he never told on me. Never told that the mirror, like stroke walnuts at the neighbors dog, was always my idea. But we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I spent most of the first twelve years of my life playacting with Hassan.Sometimes, my entire childhood seems like one long vacant summer day with Hassan, chasing each other surrounded by tangles of trees in my fathers yard, playing hide-and-seek, cops and robbers, cowboys and Indians, insect torture with our exultning movement und eniably the time we force the stinger off a bee and fix a string slightly the poor thing to yank it back every time it took flight Think of something good, Baba said in my ear. Something happy. Something good. Something happy. I let my mind wander. I let it come Friday afternoon in Paghman.An open(a) field of grass speckled with mulberry trees in blossom. Hassan and I stand ankle-deep in untamed grass, I am tugging on the line, the transfer spinning in Hassans calloused hands, our eyes glum up to the kite in the sky. non a word passes between us, not because we have nothing to say, but because we dont have to say anything thats how it is between people who are each others first memories, people who have feed from the same breast. A breeze stirs the grass and Hassan lets the transfer roll. The kite spins, dips, steadies. Our twin shadows spring on the rippling grass.From somewhere over the low brick wall at the other end of the field, we hear chatter and laughter and the chirping of a pee fountain. And music, some thing old and familiar, I think its Ya Mowlah on rubab strings. soulfulness calls our names over the wall, says its time for tea and cake Next to me, Sohrab was living rapidly through his nose. The spool turn in his palms, the tendons in his pit wrists like rubab strings. Then I blinked and, for just a moment, the hands dimension the spool were the chipped-nailed, calloused hands of a harelipped boy.I heard a crow cawing somewhere and I looked up. The park shimmered with snow so fresh, so gross white, it burned my eyes. It sprinkled soundlessly from the branches of white-clad trees. I smelled turnip qurma now. Dried mulberries. Sour oranges. Sawdust and walnuts. The inhibit quiet, snow-quiet, was deafening. Then far away, across the stillness, a voice calling us home, the voice of a man who dragged his right leg summons 1Sometimes, up in those trees, I talked Hassan into firing walnuts with his slingshot at the neighbours one-eye d German shepherd.Hassan never wanted to, but if I asked, authentically asked, he wouldnt deny me. Hassan never denied me anything. And he was deadly with his slingshot. Hassans father, Ali, used to catch us and get mad, or as mad as someone as gentle as Ali could ever get. He would wag his palpate and wave us down from the tree. He would take the mirror and tell us what his mother had told him, that the devil shone mirrors too, shone them to distract Muslims during prayer. And he laughs while he does it, he always added, scowling at his son. Yes, Father, Hassan would mumble, looking down at his feet.But he never told on me. Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbors dog, was always my idea. (2. 2-3) This passage shows up early in the novel and very tells us quite a bit about Amir and Hassans friendship. Hassan protects and defends Amir and, foreshadowing later events in the novel, refuses to tell on Amir. (Hassan will later take the blame for the wad of c ash and the watch. ) We should also note that Amir seems like the gang leader in this passage, getting the two boys into trouble. Does Amir control the family? Is this why Hassan often takes the blame for things?Does Amir ever take responsibility for anything in the novel? Quote 2Then he Ali would remind us that there was a brotherhood between people who had fled from the same breast, a kinship that not even time could break. Hassan and I fed from the same breasts. We took our first steps on the same lawn in the same yard. And, under the same roof, we spoke our first words. Mine was Baba. His was Amir. My name. Theres a old closeness between Amir and Hassan. Later, well find out the two boys have the same father, but notice how Hosseini is laying the groundwork for that revelation.The two boys might as well be brothers they learn to walk together, they learn to utter together, and they feed from the same breast. Which brings up an interesting question What does Rahim Khans revel ation that Amir and Hassan are half-brothers really change? Arent the two already brothers in everything? Or does blood fundamentally change Amirs relationship with Hassan? Quote 3Ali and Baba grew up together as childhood playmates at least until polio crippled Alis leg just like Hassan and I grew up a generation later.Baba was always telling us about the mischief he and Ali used to cause, and Ali would rock his head and say, But, Agha sahib, tell them who was the architect of the mischief and who the poor laborer? Baba would laugh and throw his arm around Ali. But in none of his stories did Baba ever refer to Ali as his friend. (4. 2-3) Baba and Alis friendship parallels Amir and Hassans on a number of levels. First, as this passage indicates, theres a similar pattern of leadership (and power) both(prenominal) Baba and Amir have dominant roles in each friendship.And, lest you forget, Baba betrays Ali much like Amir betrays Hassan. As they say, two peas in a pod. Or, possib ly it would be four peas in a pod. Were not trusted. Anyways, after Amir learns that Baba lied to him for years, he says Baba and I were more alike than Id ever known. We had both betrayed the people who would have given their lives for us (18. 7). Four peas in a pod. Quote 4But we were kids who had learned to crawl together, and no history, ethnicity, society, or religion was going to change that either. I spent most of the first twelve years of my life playing with Hassan.Sometimes, my entire childhood seems like one long lazy summer day with Hassan, chasing each other between tangles of trees in my fathers yard, playing hide-and-seek, cops and robbers, cowboys and Indians, insect torture with our crowning achievement undeniably the time we plucked the stinger off a bee and tied a string around the poor thing to yank it back every time it took flight. (4. 6) Amir lays out the opposing argument just prior to this paragraph. In it, he says ethnicity will always define a relationsh ip.We believe Hosseini really wants us to grapple with Amirs contradictory stances Does Amirs friendship with Hassan ever get past history, ethnicity, society, and religion? Later, Amir will justify his cowardice in the alleyway by asking himself if he really has to defend Hassan (since Hassan is a Hazara). Does Amir ever get past his prejudices? Were really not sure about this one. Hosseini devotes the entire novel to this question. Quote 5&8243I know, he said, breaking our embrace. Inshallah, well keep an eye on later. Right now, Im going to run that blue kite for you, he said.He dropped the spool and took off running, the hem of his green chapan dragging in the snow fucking him. Hassan I called. Come back with it He was already turning the street corner, his rubber boots kicking up snow. He stopped, turned. He cupped his hands around his mouth. For you a super acid times over he said. Then he pull a faced his Hassan smile and disappeared around the corner. The nigh time I saw him smile unabashedly like that was twenty-six years later, in a languid Polaroid photograph. (7. 52-54) Yet again, Hassan demonstrates his unwaveringty and devotion to Amir.If we were to judge Amir and Hassans friendship by actions and not simply expressions of allegiance, the score would be pretty lopsided. (Of course, Amir saves Hassans son at the end of the book from a pathological pedophile so that counts for something. ) We also want to point out the irony in Hassans resolution For you a thousand times over Amir will coach a pretty nasty case of insomnia as the guilt loads up inside him. Really, Amir returns to the alleyway thousands of times in his remembering before he comes to peace with his cowardice.And so the phrase a thousand times over is colored with some pretty devastating irony. Yes, Hosseini is employ irony again. Quote 6Assef But before you sacrifice yourself for him, think about this Would he do the same for you? Have you ever wondered why he never i ncludes you in games when he has guests? Why he only plays with you when no one else is around? Ill tell you why, Hazara. Because to him, youre nothing but an ugly pet. Something he can play with when hes bored, something he can kick when hes angry. Dont ever don yourself and think youre something more. Amir agha and I are friends, Hassan said. He looked flushed. Friends? Assef said, laughing. You pathetic spud Someday youll wake up from your little fantasy and learn just how good of a friend he is. Now, bas Enough of this. Give us that kite. (7. 106-108) This is a fairly complex scene. Assef, before he assaults and rapes Hassan, asks Hassan whether he really wants to sacrifice himself for Amir. We know Amir is hearing in and watching this commute between Assef and Hassan. In a way, Assefs speech is not prophetic but descriptive Amir is abandoning Hassan right now.However, we wonder if Assefs description is inaccurate. Is Assef describing his own relationship with Hazaras o r Amirs with Hassan? Sure, sometimes Amir does cruel things to Hassan, but he also reads to Hassan and spends almost all his free time with Hassan. Amir may flutter to call Hassan his friend, but perhaps thats because neither friend nor servant really describes Hassan. Brother might do the trick, but Amir has no idea at this point. Quote 7&8243Think of something good, Baba said in my ear. Something happy. Something good. Something happy.I let my mind wander. I let it come Friday afternoon in Paghman. An open field of grass speckled with mulberry trees in blossom. Hassan and I stand ankle-deep in untamed grass, I am tugging on the line, the spool spinning in Hassans calloused hands, our eyes turned up to the kite in the sky. Not a word passes between us, not because we have nothing to say, but because we dont have to say anything thats how it is between people who are each others first memories, people who have fed from the same breast. A breeze stirs the grass and Hassan lets the spool roll.The kite spins, dips, steadies. Our twin shadows dance on the rippling grass. From somewhere over the low brick wall at the other end of the field, we hear chatter and laughter and the chirping of a water fountain. And music, some thing old and familiar, I think its Ya Mowlah on rubab strings. Someone calls our names over the wall, says its time for tea and cake. (10. 73-75) You need some context for this quote. Baba and Amir are on their way to Pakistan, but theyre not traveling by taxi or bus. Theyre in the belly of an oil tanker on with dozens of other Afghans.Baba tells Amir to think of something good, something happy. So what does Amir think of? His childhood with Hassan. We believe this passage proves Amirs (brotherly) love for Hassan. Notice that Amir doesnt repeat a special moment with Baba, or even his books or poetry. He thinks of Hassan. Quote 8Lying awake in bed that night, I thought of Soraya Taheris falcate birthmark, her gently hooked nose, and the wa y her luminous eyes had fleetingly held mine. My heart stuttered at the thought of her. (11. 104) Soraya doesnt sound that hot here.From Hosseinis description, we picture the witch in dormancy Beauty her nose is hooked like a scythe, and her eyes are glowing in a potion-induced mania. However, we do think Sorayas sickle-shaped birthmark should remind you of someone else in the book. Give up? Thats right Hassan. (Hassan has a harelip. ) Why do you think Hosseini compare these two characters through their physical features? What else do they have in common? Quote 9When we got to Kabul, I Rahim Khan observed that Hassan had no intention of moving into the house. But all these rooms are mpty, Hassan jan. No one is going to live in them, I said. But he would not. He said it was a matter of ihtiram, a matter of respect. He and Farzana moved their things into the hut in the backyard, where he was born. I pleaded for them to move into one of the guest bedrooms upstairs, but Hassan would he ar nothing of it. What will Amir agha think? he said to me. What will he think when he comes back to Kabul after the war and finds that I have sour his place in the house? Then, in mourning for your father, Hassan wore black for the next forty days. (16. 4-25) You may be confused by the voice here. Its genuinely not Amir Rahim Khan gets one chapter in the book. Rahim Khan recounts his shimmy to Hazarajat to find Hassan and bring him back to the house in Kabul. When Hassan does move back to the house with Rahim Khan, he refuses to live where Baba and Amir lived. Does Hassans refusal suggest that Hassan is only Amirs servant and the two never achieved an equal friendship? (Side question Does Hassan sense on some unconscious level Babas true relationship to him? Is that why he mourns Baba for forty days? )Quote 10Next to me, Sohrab was breathing rapidly through his nose. The spool rolled in his palms, the tendons in his scarred wrists like rubab strings. Then I blinked and, for just a moment, the hands holding the spool were the chipped-nailed, calloused hands of a harelipped boy. I heard a crow cawing somewhere and I looked up. The park shimmered with snow so fresh, so dazzling white, it burned my eyes. It sprinkled soundlessly from the branches of white-clad trees. I smelled turnip qurma now. Dried mulberries. Sour oranges. Sawdust and walnuts. The muffled quiet, snow-quiet, was deafening.Then far away, across the stillness, a voice calling us home, the voice of a man who dragged his right leg. (25. 150) We think this is one of the most beautiful passages in the book. Hosseini moves effortlessly between the past and present. Sohrab becomes Hassan, and the park in Fremont, California becomes a snow-quiet Kabul. The smells of Kabul mix with the smells of the New Year celebration in the park. Perhaps, at least in the space of this passage, Amir does find peace. America allowed Amir to escape his past for so many years but, in this moment, the two homelands merge.Ali calls Amir home, and Amir doesnt seem to mind. ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION THE KITE RUNNER REVISION &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212- discharge of Form zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Edited by zainbo Mar 11, 2012, 1258pm 1 The topic of the undertake is After reading the novel The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini, do you think Amir has found redemption in things hes done. If so, please explain how I wrote this essay found on the events that took place in the novel. Each paragraph must have a quote from the book and Ive included that.I just need to see if my essay is well written, correct grammar and other little mistakes. Please and give thanks you. ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION In a lifetime, everyone will face private battles and guilt, some large and some small. Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. People find peace of mind through redeeming themselves, in other words, we do something that makes up for the cause of guilt. Khaled Hosseinis novel The Kite Runner revolves around betrayal and redemption.Redemption is the act of saying or being saved from sin, error or evil, which the main character Amir seems to need the most. Amir lives with the guilt he has built up over the years because of one incident from his childhood. Amirs fathers words still echo through his head A boy who wont stand up for himself becomes a man who cant stand up to anything. ? pg. 24 Although Amir destroyed the lives of many people, and he has had more than one opportunity to redeem himself of his guilt, he is not the selfish little boy he once was. How often does one stop and think, How will this affect everyone else in my life? Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and change the path of both their lives, but he make the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for him I had one last chance to make a decision. genius final opportunity to decide who I was going to be. I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan ? the way hed stood up for me all those times in the past ? and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. I ran because I was a coward. I was afraid of Assef and what he would do to me.I was afraid of getting hurt. Thats what I told myself as I turned my back to the alley, to Hassan. Thats what I made myself believe. I rattling aspired to cowardice, because the alternative, the real reason I was running, was that Assef was right Nothing was free in this world. Maybe Hassan was the price I had to pay, the lamb I had to slay, to win Baba. ? pg. 77 Amirs selfish ways were a result of the lack of his fathers affection in his life. As a young boy, he was forced to deal with his fathers disinterest in him, which made him incredibly jealous of Hassan.Amir could not understand at the time, why his father adored his servants son more than his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not desolate seeing his father cover Hassan love and not him. Hassan and his father are forced to leave their home after Amir places his watch under Hassans pillow and accuses him of stealing it. Hassan did not even deny the accusations because he had evaluate out what Amir was doing. Hassan knew.He knew I had betrayed him and yet he was rescuing me once again, mayhap for the last time. ? pg. 111 Even after the alleged theft of the watch, Amirs father is unforced to forgive Hassan, which stunned Amir, and made him see that the love his father has for Hassan is greater than he imagined. Amir did not just ruin Hassans life he also ruined the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley. Baba lost a chance to watch his son, Hassan, grow up and also lost the chance to bring him to America so he could start a new life.Sohrab lost both his parents to war because they were still living in Afghanistan, lost his childhood to war, and tried to commit suicide as a result of Amir going back on his check to keep him safe from orphanages. Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir unbroken his past a secret even though she opened up to him about hers. It is one thing to destroy your own life with guilt, but it is a completely different egress when you destroy the lives of others. Before Amir can go on the road to redemption, Amir must realize that he cant go back and change what he has done as a child, and he must find inner peace.Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, does make a difference. From the moment he chose to turn his back on Hassan, there were many chances where Theres a way to be good again ? pg. 238 for all his wrongdoings, but he chose not to take any o f these. Sohrab was his last and only chance for redemption. I have a wife in America, a home, a career and a family. But how could I pack up and go back home when my actions may have cost Hassan a chance at those very same things?And what Rahim Khan revealed to me changed things. Made me see how my entire life, long before the winter of 1975, dating back to when that singing Hazara woman was still nursing me, had been a cycle of lies betrayals and secrets. ? pg. 238 Amir admits that he cost Hassan a chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the moment of Hassans life. But at this moment he realized he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not care about only himself, he came to terms with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost.Amir finally became the man who stood up for himself and his sins. Throughout his childhood, Amir looked for his fathers affection and he never could ge t it. His father had said Im telling you, Rahim, there is something missing in that boy. ? pg. 24 Amirs father would have been proud of him at this very moment because that was all he had wanted from him. The guilt that was built over the years was finally put to rest at the safety of Sohrab. In Afghanistan when Amir stood up for Sohrab and Assef aggressively beat him up, Amir had said My body was broken? ust how badly I wouldnt find out until later? but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. ? pg. 289 which showed Amir had come to terms with what he had done as a child and was finally felt relieved. Although he was getting beat up, it did not matter anymore, he just wished he had stood up to Assef years ago, and maybe he would have earned his redemption in that alley. Jennyflower81Threads Posts 884 Author Jennifer Reeves 85 Mar 11, 2012, 0217pm 2 Such as guilt over sneaking out, not doing homework, or telling your parents a little white lie. Not a full destine.You could s tart this sentence with Guilt can stem from People find peace of mind when they redeem themselves, in other words, they do something that makes up for the cause of their guilt. Amir had a chance in the alley, to put Hassan first and change the path of both their lives, but he made the decision to turn around and run because it was what he thought was best for him I would break up this sentence into 2 sentences, because it is a bit too long, it would be easier to read if it was in 2 shorter sentences. Amirs selfish ways resulted from the lack of his fathers affection in his life.At the time, Amir could not understand why his father adored his servants son more than his own son. As the tension increases between Amir and Hassan, Amir can no longer stand to see Hassan everyday because of what Amir had not stopped and he could not bare seeing his father showing Hassan love and not him. Right here, you begin writing in present tense, when the beginning of the essay is written in past ten se, be sure to stay consistent with this, it makes your paper easier to read that way. zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Thank you, any more updates? Jennyflower81Threads Posts 884 Author Jennifer Reeves 85 Mar 11, 2012, 0504pm 4 Amir did not just ruin Hassans life he also ruined the lives of many people with his decisions after the incident in the alley Can you be more specific about how exactly did he ruin Hassans life? This is kinda vague. Another example of a life ruined is that of Soraya- you say Soraya lost her right to the truth when Amir kept his past a secret even though she opened up to him about hers I dont know if this is her life being ruined, although she was wronged.How did this ruin her life? Clarify this. but it is a completely different problem when you destroy the lives of others. Although if it was not for Amirs actions as a child, Sohrab never would have needed to be saved in the first place but by saving Sohrab, the last piece of Hassans life, d oes make a difference. This sentence is long and confusing, I would make it into 2 shorter sentences. Amir admits that he cost Hassan the chance at a good life and that he had many opportunities to change the outcome of Hassans life.At this moment, he realizes he could lose everything he has built in America, but for the first time in his life, Amir did not only care about himself, he came to terms with what he had done, and he was ready to redeem himself at any cost. chalumeau ROAD TO AMIRS REDEMPTION? During their lifetime, most people face guilt some appropriate some inappropriate. Redemption is a way that makes up for the cause of the guilt. In Khaled Hosseinis novel, The Kite Runner, the theme revolves around betrayal and redemption. I looked up the word redemption in The Kite Runner p. 5, All I saw was the blue kite. All I smelled was victory. salvation. Redemption. If Baba was wrong and there was a God like they said in school, then Hed let me win. I didnt know what the other guy was playing for, maybe just bragging rights. Important quote. p 231, And from this one last chance at redemption. What is going on here? My body was broken? just how badly I wouldnt find out until later? but I felt healed. Healed at last. I laughed. ? pg. 289 Good quote you found. Salvation is when God saves you. Redemption may be part of salvation, but redemption also has a place separate from the Divine.After doing a wrong, a individual may be redeemed by performing some act, or saying something, or fighting for (or against) someone. You know how they say, beauty is in the eye of the beholder? Redemption is in the eye of the wronged caller. Its why you hear phrases such as, redeemed in her eyes. You cant be redeemed without permission. Hopefully, the wronged party accuses the right soulfulness, and the right person knows what wrong was committed. Otherwise, you have a very confusing smirch for all parties. One that cannot be redeemed. Ever. Try writing your ess ay again with the theme of redemption as the main focus.Try to answer these questions 1) What wrongs were committed? put together the best 3 wrongs he committed. You partially explained these. 2) What does Amir think about redemption? Why does he seek it? Usually a person feels badly about something, or the other party is making his life miserable enough to cause him to cry, ___ 3) What action or words sign him receiving redemption? 4) What action or words deny him redemption? 5) At the end is he redeemed? In the eyes of the wronged party? Did the wronged party (parties) know the truth that the reader knows? Does he feel redeemed?Did he know the same truth as everyone else? For the record, Ive never read The Kite Runner. I dont have a copy of the novel either. I wanted to try to help you focus and organize your essay. Ive written many A-essays over the years. zainboThreads 1 Posts 3 Author Zain Mehdi Mar 12, 2012, 0837pm 6 thanks, ill try to work on it taste Forum / Literatu re Review / unanswered this forum / Featured / Similar Bottom of Form Similar discussions * Michigan Supplement. Kite Runner * The Kite Runner A Marxist Perspective * The Kite Runner Thesis Statement * HELP Kite Runner Essay on Father/Son relationship * Persuasive essay on The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini + The Devil in the White metropolis * The redemption of Sydney Carton in A Tale of Two Cities * Run after the kite common app essay * UC Essay &8212 I am a runner, track and cross-country * Developing Runners Mindset &8212 Common App Essay for Stanford * Morality and Responsibility essay (connection between Frankenstein and Blade runner) Random MSW Essay on Parent Advocacy- Child Protective Services The discrimination theme in The Kite Runner helps explain? DiscriminationThe Kite Runner tackles the issue of ethnic discrimination in Afghanistan with an example of the relationship between Pashtuns and Hazaras. Babas father sets an example for him of being kind to Hazara people, ev en though they are historically demeaned and persecuted. He could have easily sent Ali to an orphanage after his parents death, but chose to raise him in his household. Baba does the same with Hassan, although this is complicated by the fact that Hassan is actually his son. Even in Babas house, the house of best intentions, the class barrier between the Pashtuns and Hazaras endures.Ali is as dear to Baba as a brother he calls him family. But Ali still lives in a hut and sleeps on a mattress on the floor. He tends the garden, cooks, and cleans up after Baba, and raises Hassan to do the same. So strong is Hassans individuality as a servant that even as an adult, when Baba is gone, he has no sense of entitlement. He insists on staying in the hut and doing housework. When Hassan dies defending Babas house, he does so not because he feels it belongs to him, but because he is being loyal to Baba and Amir.In Taliban-controlled Afghanistan, discrimination is everywhere and nowhere at the same time. On the one hand, the Taliban do not seem to care whom they are beating, torturing, or executing. Children like Sohrab and grandmothers like Sanaubar are all susceptible to the Talibans cruelty. In this way, the Talibs discriminate against everyone but themselves. As Amir notices, Assef forces Sohrab to dance to music for his enjoyment dancing and listening to music have long been banned. Amir thinks, I guessed music wasnt extraordinary(p) as long as it played to Taliban ears. On another level, the Taliban discriminate specifically against the Hazara people. They massacre the Hazaras not only in Mazar-i-Sharif, but in the region of Hazarajat and nearly anywhere else they can find them. Assef and his fellows do not see the Hazaras lives as worthwhile they barely see them as human. Assef tells Amir, Afghanistan is like a beautiful mansion littered with garbage, and someone has to take out the garbage. Like his idol, Hitler, he feels entitled to killing those he deems unwor thy of living in his land.He even relishes the term ethnic cleansing because it goes so well with his garbage metaphor. Hosseini has mentioned in interviews that his focus on discrimination in The Kite Runner angers some Afghans, who feel it is inappropriate. Like Baba, many people do not mention the Hazaras history of persecution. Perhaps these people are so uncomfortable with this topic because by having Assef appear in pre-Taliban times and emerge as a leading Talib, Hosseini shows that the Talibans persecution of the Hazaras and other Shiites is not new, but a greatly intensified outgrowth of long-held discrimination.In The Kite Runner friendship is a recurring theme, particularly in terms of how friendship is experienced between different social classes and castes. This is explored in the relationships between Baba and Amir who are Pashtun and Ali and Hassan who are Hazara. A central issue in the novel is how friendship is experienced, silent and expressed between social unequ als when they have been pushed together by component part (Babas fathers adoption of Ali meant he and Baba grew up from boyhood together, followed by Amir and Hassan sharing their entire childhoods in the same house, despite their very different status within the household. Amir constantly reflects on the question of friendship But in none of his stories did Baba ever refer to Ali as his friend. The curious thing was, I never thought of Hassan and me as friends either. Not in the usual sense anyhowBecause history isnt well to overcome. Neither is religion. In the end, I was a Pashtun and he was a Hazara, I was Sunni and he was Shia and nothing was ever going to change that. Nothing. When questioned by Assef about his friendship with a Hazara Amir admits But hes not my friend I almost blurted. Hes my servant Had I really thought that? Of course I hadnt. I hadnt. I treated Hassan well, just like a friend, better even, more like a brother. Hassan regards Amir as his friend and sho ws it by his unfailing subjection which is indicative of his awareness of the unequal power in the relationship. Amir is fazed by Hassans unfailing loyalty and self denial on his behalf. For you a thousand times over is the repeated phrase communicative of this loyalty and we note how it is this phrase which finally comes from Amir himself at the end of the novel.Hassans loyalty is brought out by Assefs remarks before he assaults him Before you sacrifice yourself for him, think about this Would he do the same for you? to him, youre nothing more but an ugly pet. Something he can play with when hes bored, something he can kick when hes angry Hassan then says that he and Amir are friends, a remark which is again cynically rebuffed. The retrieved kite symbolises the strength of Hassans loyalty this is in sharp contrast to the cowardice and disloyalty that Amir is about to show. However, Hassan never ceases to regard Amir as his friend as his letter confirms.Kite RunnerHuman beings a re morally ambiguous people. We are neither purely evil nor purely good, but often a mix. And maybe thats why many of us are attracted to literature works with morally ambiguous characters such as The Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini. The Kite Runner was set in Kabul, Afghanistan, proceeds to United States during the Soviet Union invasion, and then the setting goes back to Kabul when the Taliban rises in power. In this novel, Amir, to whom the whole story of the book is centered around, is a morally ambiguous character.Amir is a Pashtun boy he betrays his friendship with Hassan, a Hazara son of Amirs fathers servant. Guilt haunts Amir for years even after he had left Kabul and moved to United States. Amir is a morally ambiguous character because hes a coward, hes selfish, he betrays his friend and lies, but he also finds courage to face what he had done wrong and finds salvation. The first part of the book The Kite Runner proves how Amir is not a purely good character.Amir often hangs out with the Hazara boy, Hassan and would tell Hassan that they are friends, but he still feels hes above Hassan because Amir is Pashtun and Hazara people are considered below the Pashtun people. Amir wouldnt hang out with Hassan when other Pashtun boys are with him, he also mocks the fact that Hassan cant read, not considering the fact that Hassan doesnt have the opportunity to get an education. Amir couldnt stand Hassans intelligence Amir had written a story about how a mans tears turn into pearls when they fall into this magic cup, and the story ended with mans wife dead in his arms on a mountain pile of pearls.When Hassan heard the story, he had enjoyed it, but he also raised a few questions that angered Amir, Why did the man kill his wife? In fact, why did he ever have to be sad to shed tears? Couldnt he have just smelled an onion? (p. 34). Amir was angry because a mere Hazara boy who couldnt read had taught Amir something he, an educated boy, didnt figure out. These few exam ples that show how Amir is mean and arrogant are nothing compared to what he does to Hassan later on.Assef is a Pashtun boy that truly hates Hazaras and believes that Hazaras should all disappear. When Amir catches Assef raping Hassan, instead of stepping in, Amir runs away and pretends nothing had happened. When guilt started eating Amir up and he couldnt stand facing Hassan because Hassan reminds him of his cowardly action, he pinned a crime of thievery on Hassan in order to have Hassan evicted from his house. The second part of the book shows that Amir isnt purely evil despite what he has done.For a while, Amirs life is filled with the guilt of not saving Hassan from the rape and it kept Amir from being completely happy, even though he found the love of his life in America and got married. Then one day, Amirs fathers friend, Rhahim, called him to give him a chance to redeem himself. Theres a way to be good again (p. 226). Amir did find a way to be good again. Amir went back to Af ghan to find Hassans son, Sohrab, to take him with Amir because Hassan and his wife had been shot to death on the street by the Taliban.Amir finds Sohrab with Assef and ends up getting into a physical fight with Assef. Amir basically lets Assef beat him up and while being beat up, Amir feels relieved. My body was broken just how badly I wouldnt find out until later but I felt healed. Healed at last (p. 289). Amir felt that he was being healed from the guilt that has been crawling beneath his skin every single day. He had betrayed his one and only friend, Hassan, lied, and destroyed a chance where Hassan might have left to United States with him and would still be alive.Amir felt that he finally got what he deserved and he felt much better, he had found salvation. And he had afterwards taken in Sohrab as his own son. Amir had been a coward he had made selfish decisions and ruined Hassans live, but if he had been purely evil then he would not have felt guilt, nor would he have riske d his life to bring back a mere Hazaras son. But he had been filled with guilt and he had gone to find Sohrab and redeemed himself. And thus, Amir is a perfect example of a morally ambiguous character.

The Perks of Being a Wallflower

Stephen Chboskys The Perks of Being a wallflower is an epistolary myth which tells a story about self-discovery. As given in Britannica, epistolary novel, a novel told through with(predicate) the long suit of letters written by one or more of the calibres. Epistolary novel is a type of novel written in a form of letters through one of the characters.According to a localise on eNotesA genre of fiction which first gained popularity in the ordinal and eighteenth centuries, the epistolary novel is a form in which near or all of the plot is advanced by the letters or journal entries of one or more of its characters, and which marked the beginning of the novel as a literary form.Epistolary novel first got famed in seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It is a genre of fiction in which novel is written in a form of letters or journal by one of the characters. Charlie, the protagonist of The Perks of being a Wallflower writes a series of letters to narrate his story.It is acceded on essaytown raze if presenting the reader with fictional letters, the epistolary novels of seventeenth and eighteenth century already suggested that letter writing had a therapy like effect on their fictional authors. The letter writing would act like a catharsis Charlie is called a wallflower by his friends.Merriam-Webster defines wallflower as, a soulfulness who from shyness or unpopularity remains on the sidelines of a social activity. People be considered to be wallflower when they atomic number 18 shy, reserved and unpopular. When they stay quiet and avoid talking to anyone. These nation are usually introvert and have no friends.They isolate themselves for antithetical reasons such as fears or lack of confidence. They do non accede in social activities and try to remain hidden as if they are invisible. Charlie is an introvert, a shy teenager who does not have friends and does not embark in life.The idea of self-discovery accord to Encyclopedia entails the serve up of acquiring cortical potential into ones own character.People themselves are sometimes not aware of their veritable nature and their desires. Self-discovery happens when they truly find themselves, who they really are and what they want. Pam M.S. Nugent describes self-discovery as a procedure through which a person finds out their true character and qualities.Charlie, as the novel proceeds, discovers hidden lawfulnesss about himself, his likes, dislikes, his wants, and what kind of a person he truly is by going through a process of self-discovery.A process of looking for your own identity. To discover what a one separate has in his personality and what things are there to which a person is apparent to be more inclined is called self-discovery.As per PsychologyDictionary self-discovery is a method through which a person becomes aware of his true desires and wants. Just as Charlie discovers the truth about his different way, his true likes and dislikes.1.1 Background of StudyI wo uld read this novel in the light of the idea of defense appliances as presented by Sigmund Freud in the uncorrupted psychoanalysis.A post on Chegg Study statesAccording to Sigmund Freud, who developed the belief in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, defense mechanisms are a major component of personality. Freud believed that personality consists of the ego, the id, and the superego. The id is the source of instincts and natural desires when these rubbing with social norms, tension arises as the superego disapproves and the ego mediates between them.Defense mechanisms act by shifting such desires, feelings, and associated thoughts to the unconscious mind. The post states that Sigmund Freud considers the defense mechanisms as Copernican part of personality. According to Freud, personality is made of id, ego and superego. Defense mechanisms according Freud respond by changing desires, feelings and thoughts into unconscious.Other than authors, psychoanalytic theory applies o n characters. The theory can be used to understand the protagonist of the novel, Charlie, and his behavior better in the light of Freuds classical psychoanalysis. After Charlies unconscious attend reveals some past memories to him, they cause some psychological disturbances.The research lead focus on Charlies characteristics, his traumas, what defense mechanisms he use against them and his journey towards self-discovery. Regarding unconscious, Freud statesEverything that is subdue essential remain unconscious but let us state at the very outset that the repressed does not cover everything that is unconscious.The unconscious has the wider compass the repressed is a part of the unconscious. Freud argues that everything a person represses must stay in unconscious mind, but unconscious mind is not only filled with repressed memories, it has other things in it too. Charlie has repressed his memories in his unconscious mind which are later revealed.Calvin S.Hall defines defense mechan ism as a way of dealing with different threats and dangers. It is a way to lessen the anxiety by using different defenses such as denial, projection, repression, regression and displacement which are discussed in detail in chapter

Organisational Behaviour: The Personal Nature of Leadership Essay

The designation of this paper inspires examination of lead way within the collective coating with regard to personal traits in relation to brass sectional behaviour. The old standard of a attractor being born rather than made is under inspection here as some(prenominal) concepts come into play when discussing modern corporate leaders. Many would argue and look for reflects (Goleman, D. , Boyatzis, R. , & McKee, A. 2001) leaders adjust style according to situations. A situation is just maven influence touch on ones lead capabilities.The brass instrumental culture brings into play a multitudinous of factors that affect leaders. Stogdill (1948/1974) built the openation for modern leadership where creative thinking and flexibility become let on because personality became central to understanding situations constitute in corporate culture. Stogdill writes no personal characteristics ar predictive of leadership seems to over-emphasise the situational and underestima te the personal temperament of leadership (p. 35check your criminal record for ref). seek into the hi stage of leadership lends an different view entirely.Such researchers of leadership and organisational behaviours as Boddy and Burns find early on the icon of leadership was based on an egalitarian view of the best man for the job. Stogdill found different views but related findings to behaviour. Now many years later, is the nature of leadership based in situations? Or is it based in ones personal experience and choices in reacting to certain situations? I trust the face of corporate culture has changed because of certain factors present today in the business manhood.Today, gender, race and other demographic factors play a whacking economic consumption in circumspection. How batch interact and how these demographics influence the behaviour of the organisation needs to be examined because this defys the culture. In todays business world because competition is fierce, anythi ng innovative and flexible to opening up channels of creativity is seen as a positive. Organisational culture is born out of an organisations totality values and beliefs in completing its objectives (Robbins 2001, p. 544). This back end excessively be said of people as a culture within race, pietism and creed.How an organisation takes external factors like an individuals demographic fuck be a complex task. How people perceive his or her is promptly influenced by his or her personal experiences and make-up. In this respect because of globalization and multiculturalism, an organisation needs to be flexible to outside influences within reason. This means than an organisational culture has the means of redefining itself as more people join. Of course the organisation must(prenominal)(prenominal) conscious that these factors atomic number 18 at course and this means sticking to the core values.In this respect, I must agree with Stogdills statement because the piece experience , these demographics touched upon above, makes ones personality and makes culture personal. It makes the act of leading based from ones experience and therefore, very personal. One can see such proof within the literature but rattling ones personal experience and how they use these traits builds character and influences many areas of organisational behaviour such as tools for motivation, aggroup- twist and creative thinking. Personal Nature of leadThe personal connection begins at a fundamental take of gentlemans gentleman sociology where the use of story is central. Howard Gardner (1995) reflects, the ultimate violation of the leader depends approximately importantly on the particular story that he or she relates or embodies, and the receptions to that story on the part of the audiences (p. 14). By telling stories, endures for a certain level of openness or vulnerability on the part of the leader and makes them human. By opening the line of communication, gives the employee knowledge of their environment and develops trust.The leaders role is to sell the idea of commitment within a culture. Odiorne (1987) suggests, if employees know what is expected, and what swear out and resources are available, they can then be relied upon to govern their actions to achieve the commitments they take made (p. 138). This sets the stage for goals and achieving high performance. The culture in turn feeds finish up this energy and excitement. Bennis (1989) writes There are three reasons why leaders are important. First they are responsible for the effectiveness of organizations.Second, the change and upheaval of then(prenominal) years has left us with no place to hide. We need anchors in our lives as a guiding purpose. Third, there is a national maintenance about fairness of our institutions. Being mindful of own context is hard for us. (p. 15-16) Managers with a keen understanding of leading represent these three key attributes and bring into being a foundation from which to act. A leader must also display curiosity and have the guts to be daring. This requires someone to make a choice based upon his or her ability to risk take. They must be a dominant force within the team.Bennis (1989) reflects, there are two kinds of people those who are paralyzed by attention, and those who are terror-struck but go ahead away. Life is not about boundary but options (p. 185). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. Research discovered that leaders use different leadership styles for different situations because of ablaze intelligence and its tie to strengths or weaknesses in personal traits. In the view as Primal Leadership, authors David Goleman, Richard Boyatzis , and Annie McKee (2001) present their research on leadership styles within the organisational structure.The research discusses the relationship that these executives have with their emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence is the study o f emotions and their impact upon the work environment. The research investigates the different leadership styles evident in most organisations today. Mainly, leaders were categorized as either having the visionary, coaching, affiliative, democratic, pacesetting, or commanding leadership styles. Among these, only pacesetting and commanding are assessed to be less effective than the other leadership styles.Emotional Intelligence relies upon the fact the leader pull up stakes be able to have a competent level of interaction with the employee by changing leadership styles and adapting to each unique situation throughout the snip at work. It reflects successful leadership by allowing for complex relationships for team members by recognizing relationship building, capacity of visions and personal development. Emotional Intelligence for a leader means being able to read people, be read and allow for open dialogue.Research stresses the importance of the leaders flexibility and potence to adapt to his or her environment. An effective leader will understand not only their environment and people but also understand the potential for impact upon that environment. By understanding this key element, an effective leader will know how to define the environment. This is important because employees look to management for guidance. The leader defines the boundaries for the team and seduced an atmosphere for building relationships and open communication. This in turn creates stronger teams.Team create For managers who put his or her people first they are more focus on nurturing and training. Research suggests leaders are more interested in mentoring and training their team rather than focusing on output of meter or turn around time. This development in team building allows for providing people opportunities to learn from their work rather than taking them away from their work to learn (Hughes 2004, p. 4). A healthy culture inspires options and the innovations that grow out of creativity. settle down one could not ignore times of fear.Management sometimes creates fear on purpose or misused it to work employees harder. This does not create positive outcomes but promoted conflict and an unstable team. It is clear for management to be successful it must communicate its vision but also create positive reinforcement (See Figure 1. ). Once key members understand peoples needs, then action could be interpreted to improve managements role. Only then would a leader be taken seriously. Recognizing positive traits in a team member built trust, integrity and also met an important need while building a team.

Explanation of Hamlet’s Mystery (by: Ernest Jones)

pg. 101 exposition of Hamlets Mystery by Ernest Jones Much as he hates him, he bunghole never denounce him with the ardent indignation that boils straight from his blood when he reproaches his mystify, for the more vigorously he denounces his uncle the more powerfully does he set about to activity his get unconscious and repressed complexes. He is there- fore in a dilemma between on the one hand allowing his inbred detestation of his uncle to have free play, a consum- mation which would make him aw ar of his own horrible ishes, and on the other ignoring the imperative call for ven- geance that his obvious craft demands. He must either realise his own evil in denouncing his uncles, or strive to ignore, to condone and if possible even to forget the last mentioned in continuing to repress the former his moral fate is surround up with his uncles for good or ill. The call of duty to slay his uncle cannot be obeyed because it links itself with the call of his nature to slay his mot hers husband, whether this is the first or the plunk for the latter call is strongly repressed, and therefore necessarily the former also.It is no mere chance that he says of himself that he is prompted to the revenge by nirvana and hell, though the true significance of the expres- sion of course quite escapes him. Hamlets dammed-up feeling finds a partial vent in other directions, the natural one world blocked. The petulant irascibility and explosive outbursts called forth by the vexa- tion of Guildenstern and Rosencrantz, and especially of Polo- nius, are evidently to be interpreted in this way, as also is in part the burning nature of his reproaches to his mother. In- deed towards the end of the interview with his mother the hought of her misconduct expresses itself in that almost physical disgust which is so practically the manifestation of in- tensely repressed sexual feeling. Let the bloat great power tempt you again to bed Pinch wanton on your establishment call you his mouse And let him, for a pair of reechy kisses, Or paddling in your neck with his damnd fingers, Make you to ravel all this matter out. His attitude towards Polonius is highly instructive. Here the absence of family tie, and of other influences, enables him to indulge to a relatively uninhibited degree his hostility towards the prating and sententious dotard.

History of Filmmaking Essay

The main problem with duty assignment national identity to films is the enticement to pick movies to fit the premise. Hardly always does a director present any significant standards by which occurrence films have been chosen for analysis. To give a specific example, one just has to consider the Japanese instance of Kurosawa Akira whose movies regularly received positive favourable reception both overseas and in domestic ratings, yet several of Akiras films remain difficult to get to to the mainstream Japanese viewers.Another problem for designation national identity to films is the relative lack of engagement with modern neighborly and political concerns or conditions. Its pretty evident with Australian films (Nadia Tass, Malcolm and The fully grown Steal). Australian movies do not create a situation of but and continually pondering over national identity. They take the method of transfer tales in a local context and allowing inquiries of national identity determine out th emselves in the backdrop through the working of their diverse and supposed(prenominal) narratives.The issue of what does it mean to be Australian? is responded upon by illustrating various Australians, in unusual situations, with several problems. In my humble opinion, studies with this stature helps shine a ray of light on how and why the nation pass on a meaningful masterpiece in their local perspective, the focal point should be on reputation within the related/state/ athletic field as the major norm for selection.. Whether they have established vital applause at key film festivals is another material connected to wile house films, which is frequently not a fine statistic of admired good luck charm and consequently not a superior indicator of community communication.

Financial Statement Analysis of Dutch Lady

I. admission Dutch bird milk Industries Berhad (Dutch brothel keeper Malaysia), a keep corpo balancen established in 1963, is hangly unfolding in the business of timber branded dairy in Malaysia. The confederacy, whose holding company is Royal FrieslandCampinaa Dutch multinational corpo symmetryn, one of the largest draw companies in the world- was the original milk company in Malaysia to be listed on Bursa Malaysia, the local anaesthetic Stock interchange in 1968.Being the leading producer and seller of quality dairy convergences and harvesting juices for home and export commercialize (such as Infant formula, many types of milks, yogurt and fruit juice drinks), Dutch wench Malaysia has a strong consumer undermentioned and represented by strong brands (such as Dutch bird, Frisolac, Completa, Omela, Friso, and Joy). In addition, it was the first company in the world to introduce a growing up milk powder specifically formulated for children from ages one to three (k nown in Malaysia as Dutch peeress 123 and Dutch gentlewoman 456) and is the largest purchaser of local fresh milk from the Veterinary Services Department.The company receives strong reinforcing stimulus from its holding company. It as well believes in product innovation and commitment to its consumers, which lead it to a constant efforts to improve its processes in order to serve its customers with advanced quality nutritious products. The company leapings prime conside proportionalityns to ec centimeric Control and Quality Assurance. It has continually received accreditation of ISO 9001 since 1995. In wrong of food safety, it applies HACCP (Hazard Analysis exact Control Point) System to all its plants.Meanwhile, for its Environmental Management System it has in place ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 (Occupational Health and Safety Assessment Series). The political partys products ar all halal-certified. With factory located in Petaling Jaya that employs 600 Malaysians, Dutch m adam Malaysia make an annual revenues of RM692 million in 2009. ongoingly, Dutch madam Malaysia is leading in the marketplace of key milk categories such as UHT milk, Sterilised milk and Growing-Up milk. II. PERFORMANCE RATIOS II. 1. Liquidity symmetry Liquidity ratio refers to aptitude of company to knock against its short term obligation. There be eight types of fluidness ratio . Working Capital proportion = Current Assets Current Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 193,784 96,855= 96,929 = 234,244 106,261=127,983 = 324,466 135,309= 189,157 2. Current Ratio = Current AssetsCurrent Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 193,78496,856=2 1 = 234,244106,261 =2. 2 1 = 324,466135,309 =2. 39 1 3. Acid Test Ratio = Quick AssetsCurrent Liabilities 2009 2010 2011 = 136,23296,855=1. 4 1 =161,522106,261 =1. 52 1 =230,978135,309 =1. 7 1 4. Account Receivable employee turnover rate = gross sales on AccountAverage Accounts Receivable 2009 2010 2011 = 691,847(94,369+122,858)/2=6. 36 clo ck = 696,625(75,176 + 94,369)/2=8. 22 clock = 810,647(36,714 + 75,176)/2 =14. 56 times 5. Inventory derangement = Cost of Goods sellAverage Inventory 2009 2010 2011 = 462,510(57,552+74,902)/2= 6. 98 times = 447,961(72,722+57,552)/2=6. 88 times = 506,175(93,448+72,722)/2=6. 09 times 6. Days Sales Uncollected = cease Accounts Receivable(Debtor Turnover Ratio) terminate Sales 2009 2010 2011 =94,369691,847 x 365=49. 7=50 old age =75,176696,625 x 365=39. 3=39 divisions =36,714810,647 x 365=16. 5=16 days 7. Days Sales in Inventory = Ending InventoryCost of Goods Sold 2009 2010 2011 =57,552462,510 x 365=45 days =72,722447,961 x 365=59 days =93,448506,175 x 365=67 days 8. measure Assets Turnover = net income SalesAverage Total Assets =691,847(280,990+288,570)/2=2. 42 times =696,625(307,490 +280,990)/2=2. 37 times =810,647(398,514+307,490)/2=2. 30 times The increasing amount of working capital shows that Dutch chick determine out Industries Berhad is able to continue the ir operations and it has sufficient funds period to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses.Dutch Lady take out Industries Berhad experiences an increasing self-support through its growing current assets compargond to its current liabilities. The current ratio and quick ratio of Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is more(prenominal)(prenominal) than nonp aril ratio. The increasing persona of both ratios is indicating Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has the mogul to pay its current obligations in time. From account receivable turnover, in 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad converts 14. 56 times from account receivable into cash. In 2009 and 2010, the sales movement from account to cash is not quite faithful because above 12 times.However, as we can bewitch from inventory turnover from 2009-2011, indicating that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad inventory counseling techniques in 2010 and 2011 atomic number 18 less efficient as compared to that i n 2009 because productions selling is less much and make the number of inventory increase. The decline in the tally of days sales uncollected from 2009 to 2011 shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has an effective accounts due procedures. It would benefit Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad because they would get cash red-hot from their customers.The days sales in inventory measures the liquidity of inventory, the run bike time for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad in 2009 is shorter than 2010 and 2011, they unaccompanied consider 45 days, 22 days faster than in the 2011. Technically total asset turnover shows how many times company can move over revenue from every dollar asset that they watch, it measures the qualification of assets in producing sales. In 2009, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can use their assets efficiently compared to the course 2010 and 2011. II. 2. Solvency Ratio It measures the competency of firm to survive in the long run.There are 4 ty pes of solvency ratio 1. Debt Ratio = Total Liabilities Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 =101,005280,990x 100=35. 9 % =110,018307,490x 100= 35. 7 % =139,360398,514x 100=34. 9 % 2. impartiality Ratio = Total Equity Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 = 179,985280,990=64% =197,472307,490=64. 2% =259,154398,514=65% 3. Debt to Equity Ratio = Total LiabilitiesTotal Equity 2009 2010 2011 =101,005179,985=56. 1% =110,018197,472=55. 7% =139,360259,154=53. 7% 4. Times lodge in Earned = interlock Income before Interest Expense and Income ExpenseInterest Expense 2009 2010 2011 = 82,031 1=82 times = 89,2210=0 times = 139,368 919=152 times Based on the table above, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has palmy debt ratio. There is a decline of percentage from 35. 9% (2009) to 34. 9% (2011), indicating that they has a best scheme in reducing companys assets that are contributed by creditors. Equity ratio shows that they have tendency to depend more on the owner for financing. Consequently, it is considered as a satisfactory result for the investors as long as the company earns good gathers and obtains its performance.Debt to Equity Ratio has decreased from 56. 1% to 53. 7% in 2009 and 2011 respectively, which means that in 2011 for 1 RM of Dutch Company owned by the shareholders, they owe 53. 7 cent to creditors. This is a good indicator that the company is not facing a risky status as its business does not rely the financing on debt. The investors, at that placefore, may find the company as a promising firm to invest. II. 3. profit efficiency Ratio It is used to assess a businesss ability to generate dough as compared to its expenses and other relevant cost incurred during a specific period of time.There are 4 types of profitability ratios 1. Gross pull ahead Margin = Net Sales Cost of Sales Net Sales 2009 2010 2011 =691,847-462,510691,847= 33% =710,588-447,961710,588=36% =810,647-506,175810,647=37% 2. Operating Profit Margin = Net Income Net Sales 200 9 2010 2011 =82,031691,847=12% =89,221710,588=12. 5% =139,368810,647=17% 3. Return on Total Assets = Net IncomeAverage Total Assets 2009 2010 2011 =60,400(280,990+288,570)/2=21. 21 % =63,887(307,490+280,990)/2=21. 71 % =108,082(398,514+307,490)/2=31. 1% 4. Return on Common Stockholders Equity = Net Income Preferred DividendsAverage Common Stockholders Equity 2009 2010 2011 =60,400-0(179,985+161,585)/2=35. 37 % =63,887-0(197,472+179,985)/2 =33. 85 % =63,887-0(197,472+197,472)/2 =32. 35 % Based on the interpret above, we can see the percentage of gross profit tolerance has been increasing over the nett three years. It is a good character for a company, as it is considered as a sign of healthy and growing company. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able maintain their inflow and outflow.It is able to make a apt profit on sales by keeping its overhead costs in control. Operating profit margin ratio increases from 12% (2009) to 17% (2011), showing that Dutch Lady Milk Indu stries Berhad has a great counseling skill and operating efficiency. However, there is a decline in the percentage of return on total assets from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This reveals that year 2010 is less profitable. Return on assets (RoA) declines from 21. 50% to 20. 78% in 2009 and 2010 respectively. This could be an indicator that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has spent much assets to do business.If they have to pay a lot in order to maintain these assets, it forget decrease the RoA even lower since the maintenance costs will decrease their clams. In 2011, however, we can see in the table that there is an increase to 27. 12%. This indicates that they required less assets on that year. A blue or low RoE needs to be interpreted in the context of a companys debt- impartiality relationship. The rise percentage of RoE (Return on Equity) above RoA shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad takes a financial leverage. In 2010, by taking on debt, Dutc h Lady increased its asset than to the cash that came in.It may be sign that management is using leverage to increase profits and profit margins. So, debt amplifies RoE in relation to ROA. II. 4. Market position Ratio For Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, the market prospects can be observed from Earnings per portion out, Price-Earnings Ratio and Dividend Yield. 1. Basic Earnings per Share (EPS) = Net Income Preferred Dividends Weighted-Average Common Shares Outstanding 2009 2010 2011 = 60,400,000-064,000,000= 99. 40 cent = 63,887,000-064,000,000= 99. 80 cent = 108,082,000-064,000,000= 168. 90 cent 2. Diluted Earnings per Share 2009 2010 2011 There were no diluted earnings per share for the company There were no diluted earnings per share for the company There were no diluted earnings per share for the company 3. Price-Earnings Ratio (PE) = Market Price per ShareEarnings per Share 2009 2010 2011 = 1162 cent99. 40 cent= 11. 69 times = 1754 cent99. 80 cent=17. 58 times = 2340 cent168,90 cent=13. 85 times 4. Dividend Yield = Annual Dividends per ShareMarket Price per Share 2009 2010 2011 = 65. 63 cent1162 cent=5. 65% = 72. 50 cent1754 cent=4. 3% = 72. 50 cent2340 cent=3. 1% The feeler of basic EPS for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad from 99. 40 cent in 2009 to 168. 90 cent in 2011 is an feature that the company can generate its share to gain unwrap profit every year. Diluted earnings per share is illustrated the assumption of the worst effort scenario, it means if the company announce any dilution it will decrease the equity position in every issuance of additional shares. Diluted earnings per share seen as a bad thing for the shareholders because it will stifle the amount of the basic EPS that belongs to their stock.Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no decrement of the basic earnings per share for every share issued. For Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad, the PE ratio from 2009 to 2010 is increasing because the market outlay per share in 2010 is high than that in 2009. Market expenditure per share indicates how much the scathe that market stock is willing to pay or sell for the share. Therefore, when the market price is going up, it means that the stock is quite appreciated, more inquire that is willing to buy rather than to sell. Whereas, PE ratio from 2010 to 2011 decreased from 17. 8 times to 13. 85 times because of the firms earnings per share rises. In this case, however, the investors who already had share in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad are recommended to hold their stocks, because the market price tends to rise. For long-term outlook, keeping the shares is still better then selling them. However, PE ratio is not the further information to be considered in carrying out stocks investment. Thus, no diluted EPS in Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be interpreted that there were no reducing of the basic earnings per share for every share issued.The dividend yield by Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is declining from 5. 65% in 2009 to 3. 1% in 2011, because the rise of its market stock price. If the dividend yield increases because the market stock price is fall, it will make investors unhappy. High yields can be a sign of an unsustainably high dividend. Some investors perceives that dividends are important and usually their interest is in receiving a steady return each year. The Dutch Lady stockholders search to be less concerned with the dividends. For them, the important things are the stock price appreciation and capital gains.III. RECOMMENDATION 1. Improve a long operating cycle ratio. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should increase collection efforts on accounts receivable to ensure timely retribution from customers, for example are give away billing or increased collection calls and correspondence. They can decrease sassy inventory by putting on sales or selling overstock products to resellers. Negotiat e for more favorable payment terms with creditors to give the company more time to pay bills without incurring late payment penalties or additional interest. . Increase the liquidity of inventory Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should evaluate their sales, because the operating cycle in inventory take longer time than the previous year. If the sales not improving and only in a steady condition, it will increase inventory, and occurs loss for the company, because their product will be expired. To solve this problem, they can expand to the new market/export, increase their sales with promotion and advertisement. Brand awareness is important to promote customer buy the product.If they success improving the sales, the company not only will generate more profit but also have a less inventory. 3. Manage total asset turnover efficiently. The efficiency of total asset in producing sales decreased from 2009 to 2011. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad should allocating their resource and up date technology to maximize the utilization of asset. Furthermore, they also have the depreciation of current assets, before the book value of their current asset decreasing they can improve human resource/ comminute competencies to use the asset efficiently. 4. Improving the price earnings ratio.This ratio reflected assumption of the shareholders to buy and keep Dutch Lady stock, and will attract more tough investors. If the company can maintain their supply towards the market select in the stock market, and also maintain the earnings per share by increasing net income, it will increase the price earnings ratio. Because the higher price earnings ratio means the more opportunity for Dutch Lady to grow. This improvement can support point 2 of the recommendations, the more they can keep the big investors happy, the more opportunity Dutch Lady to expand the market. IV. CONCLUSIONSThe increasing amount of working capital shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad is able to continu e their operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both short term debt and upcoming expenses. The company does not seem to face any risk of being unable to meet its current obligation. However, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has problem in the management of inventory system, the production capacity is exceed than the ability to sell their product. Solvency ratio shows that Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad prefers to finance their business from owners equity instead of debt.This is a favorable condition for investors as their investments are not put in risky situation. This is also a favorable for creditors, as the company provides them with a safety and security by its ability to quarantee that it is able to pay off all the loans. Market prospect ratio is used to evaluate market growth of the company because this ratio estimates companys prospect and risk in earning reinvestment and distribution to the shareholders. Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad can be a good tar get for big investors as it is able to improve their market share every year.The improvement of basic EPS for Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad reveals the companys ability to generate its shares to gain better profit every year. In terms of performance in profitability, Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad has demonstrated good performance in profitability. The company has been able to improve its gross margin over the last three years as shown in graph above. The RoE tells common shareholders how effectively their money is being employed. &8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212&8212 2 . Loth, R. positiveness indicator ratios return on equity.Retrieved November 16, 2012, from http//www. investopedia. com/university/ratios/profitability-indicator/ratio4. aspixzz2CMaaeQwt 3 . Data obtained from Dutch Lady Milk Industries Berhad Annual Report 2009, 2010, and 2011. 4 . Draker, P. P. Financial Ratio Analysis. Retrieved November 11, 2012, from http//educ. jmu. edu/drakepp/principles/module2/fin_rat. pd 5 . eHow. What Does the Dividend Yield Tell the Investors. Retrieved November 14, 2012, from http//www. ehow. com/facts_5192566_dividend-yield-tell-investor_. html