Symbolism of Albrecht Durer Essays -- Master Engravings Art Essays

Symbolism of Albrecht DurerAlbrecht Durer completed the Master Engravings in the years 1513 and 1514. With these three engravings (Knight, dying, and deuce, St. Jerome in His Study, and Melencolia I) he r all(prenominal)ed the high point of his artistic expression and concentration. each print represents a different philosophical perspective on the worlds respectively of action, spirit, and intellect. Although Durer himself evidently did not think of the three as a set, He sometimes sold or gave St. Jerome and Melencolia I as a pair.In the engraving, Knight, Death, and Devil, it appears that the hero (the Knight) is gaining a moral victory over death. The Knight has often been interpreted as Erasmuss sturdy Christian soldier who scoffs at death and the devil as he goes about Gods work in his journey th bouldery life. The conception of the Christian soldier embodies and ideal of manly virtue which the traditional instincts of the Germanic race, German mysticism and Northern ver sions of Renaissance ideals all contributed to form. The sawhorse is represented in full profile as to show off its consummate proportions it is forcefully modeled so as to give its perfect anatomy and it moves with regulated step of the riding school so as to give demonstration of perfect rhythm. The fact that a beautiful setter is political campaign by the side of the horse completes the picture of the Christian man as known to the Late Middle Ages the man who armed with faith and accompanied by religious zeal, symbolized by the faithful hound goes on his way along the narrow path of earthly life menaced by Death and the Devil. From the gloom of this rough and dreary scenery there emerge Death and the Devil. Death wears a regal crown and is mounted on... ...giving them away together and that collectors looked at and discussed them side by side. No less than six copies were disposed of as pairs while only one copy of the Melancolia I was given singly and no impression of the Knight, Death and Devil changed hands together with either of the two other prints. In the years 1513 and 1514, Albrecht Durer completed what is now known together as the Master Engravings, Knight, Death, and Devil St. Jerome in His Study and Melencolia I. In general each print represents a different philosophical perspective on the worlds respectively, of action, spirit and intellect. BibliographyPanofsky, Edwin. The Life and Art of Albrecht Durer. fourth ed. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 1955.Waetzoldt, Willhelm. Durer and His Times. translated by R.H. Boothroyd. London Phaidon Press Ltd, 1950.

The Relationships Between Quaker, The Company, And Semiotics :: essays research papers

The Relationships Between protagonist, The Company, and SemioticsFor my presentation I have looked at one of Peterboroughs oldest and biggestmanufacturer, The quaker company. More specifically the outside and inside ofthe building. As I was driving towards the building I thought, what was sosignificant about the Quaker building and how could a picture of a Quaker be sosignificant in todays culture. I also thought that this whole image of Quakercould not be that everywherewhelming, however, with great embarrassment I wascompletely mistaken. This one business and more specifically building has somany signified meanings and linguistic meanings that I did not no where to startfrom.When I stood at the foot of the pitchers mound of the Quaker building I was overwhelmed bythe enormous size of it and how it sits on a hill overlooking the north end ofdowntown Peterborough. I started to think that this is the signifier, its bigand its on a hill. Now if you think about this for a minute you fuck off torealize that simply the size and position of this building has many meanings,which are of course subconsciously.The Quaker building has many meanings and therefore the signified list is reallylong, but firstly we will look at the signifier. The sign is the word Quaker,plain and simple, and the signifier is Q-u-a-k-e-r. However the word Quaker isnot just a word, it means many, many things, which is where the signified comesin. The actual building is huge, which gave me the feeling that they are asuccessful company and that their product must be all over the world. Thebuilding is also white brick. This, without even knowing it gives you a feelingof safety and purity(just as their products should be). Then there is the factthat it is situated on the backsheesh of a hill, when you put meaning to this, there isthe feeling of greatness and domination. In my opinion these meanings orsignifieds work like a funnel, they all at first have nothing to do with eachother, but when you put them together they all funnel into one thing, amarketing ploy to buy their product. My channelize is, that they new exactly where toplace theirbuilding and what colour to paint it for the sole purpose of sellingtheir products. They new what meanings people would pull from these signs andsignifiers.When looking at the word Quaker you get a feeling of comfort. It gives animpression of going back to past times where morals and family values were at

A Clean, Well-Lighted Place Essay -- Literary Analysis, Ernest Hemingw

Human Life Torture of the MindErnest Hemingway captures the essence and origins of nihilistic thought in A Clean, Well-Lighted postal service, written in a time of religious and moral confusion shortly after The Great warfare. The ideas expressed in this short story represent the post World War 1 thinking of Hemingway, and the notoriously nihilistic Lost Generation in Paris, which was greatly influenced by the many traumas of war. Learning from his unnerving experiences in battle, Hemingway enforces the idea that whole humans testament inevitably fade into eternal cipherness and everything valued by humans is worthless. He develops this idea by creating a brilliant sendup of two coveted religious documents, revealing authority figures as typical, despicable, human beings, and he reduces deportment into the most raw, simplistic, and frightening reality imaginable. Hemingway states that all humans will naturally die alone and literally be in despair about nothing (494), and that people will either seek a placid and pleasant caf (496), or a self-inflicted death simply to escape despair. Undoubtedly, Hemingway eliminates any consideration of a higher meaning because he believes that life is all a nothing, and a man is nothing too (496). By viewing the actions of three different generations, Hemingways A Clean, Well-Lighted Place elaborates on the idea that human life is not continual enlightenment and growth, but gradual despair, and an inevitable death into nada (497). The youthful and confident waiter, representing the youngest of the three male generations, is the only apparent specification of existentialist thought in the story. However, this young man is simply an unconcerned existentialist due to his age he is not in despair bec... ...ed Place, represent the opinions and views of one typical person, in one ordinary life. The theme of a world of nothingness is overwhelming to the human brain, and almost inconceivable, and everything we do in this life is simply designed to help us take our mind off of death suicide is the ultimate escape from despair over nothing (494). Hemingways brilliant transitions in time explain how life eventually grows worse with age, and humans will succumb to suicide, drunkenness, or something comforting and safe, much uniform a clean, well-lighted caf. Further, Hemingway has shown the world that man has created many bogus ways to cope with the insurmountable fear of nothingness, namely religion. Bluntly, people can try to pip-squeak their selves into feeling soulful, genuine, or meaningful, but there is no need to fear for the human soul, as it is non-existent.

Delia Gives Into Evils Temptation Essay -- Sweat, Zora Neale Hurston

In the short story Sweat, Zora Neale Hurston describes the final months of marriage mingled with Delia Jones and her husband Sykes. Delias hard work supports both her husband and their small home, but Sykes takes Delias earnings and spends as he pleases. He is in addition cognise within their Florida town for his extramarital affairs. Delias life is one of managed goodness, and Sykes is Delias opposite in all ways. In an attempt to drive Delia from their marriage, Sykes brings a tremendous rattlesnake into their home. Although the snake ultimately ends the pairs marriage, it is not in the manner Sykes had envisioned. Zora Neale Hurstons tale depicts the classic struggle of good versus evil, but she also illustrates that evil is pervasive and tempting, leading good people to succumb to evil.Delia Jones is a churchgoing, hardworking woman who spends her entire week, beginning Sunday nights, washing the townspeoples clothing. For fifteen years, Delias hard work has provided for her home, which she plans to entertain for her old days (Hurston 293). She and her husband Sykes are locked in a struggle over the home, which is Delias prized possession. Her attemptpaid for this home, and she has created life here by planting trees around the home (293). However, Delias plan to keep her home is compromised by her husband. Sykes promises his current lover, Bertha, that she kin have dat lil ole house soons he git dat oman outadere (296). Hurston creates sympathy for Delia through this struggle. Sykes is the evil within the marriage, and Delia is the good counterpart.Although Delia is marked by habitual meekness (293), she stands up to Sykes one evening. After he tramples her sorted laundry and steps roughly upon the whitest pile of ... ...sgressions against his wife, Delia essential also face the consequences of her decision. It is here that the proofreader must decide Delias fate. Hurston illustrates Delias struggle throughout the story, and the readers sympathy for Delia increases. Both the mood and the tone of the story are truly dark, and Hurston uses this to bear down on the reader, pushing the reader to root for Delia. When the snake attacks Sykes, the reader feels triumphant for Delia and may believe that good has prevailed over evil. One must question if relishing in Delias victory implies that one would also give in to temptation as Delia did. Hurston poses the question to the reader to consider if he or she is strong enough to resist the temptation of evil. Works CitedHurston, Zora Neale. Sweat. Backpack Literature. Eds. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. Boston Longman, 2010. 291-301. Print.

John constable :: John constable

John constableWhat made Constable different from the majority of his coevals was his attitude towards the things that he saw. He was not, like so many other landscape artificers, a conscious seeker of the picturesque. As an artist he was closely self-taught and his periods of egg subject amounted to little more than process of directive discipline. His real master was his own sensitive and perceptive eye (Peacock, 15). It was through a study of nature rather than by a study of academic principles that his artistic philosophy was evolved. It was at East Bergholt on the Suffolk side of the river Stour on 11 June 1776 that artist John Constable was born. The house where John was born is now disappeared, but its prosperous Georgian solidity exists for us in a number of his paintings (Peacock, 15). Golding, Jonhs father, was a miller and the owner of water mill around at Flatford and Dedham, and two windmills at East Bergholt (Taylor, 10). The Constables were a large family, John was the fourth of six children. though much is not recorded of Johns first school experince , he was sent to Lavenham at age seven (Shirley, 39). There like approximately of the pupils, ill-used, he finished it in Dedham grammar school under a Dr. Thomas Grimwood. John did not do well in his studies to justify seeking a career in the church like his father had wished (Taylor, 11). In fact, Constables only record of excellence at Dedham was in penmanship, and so he was quickly directed into the family business, becoming locally known as the handsome miller (Shirly, 39). For a year John worked in his fathers mills and so acquired first-hand knowledge of the miller s trade. In the mills what John learned probably stood him in a better stead that all the formal instruction in art he would ever receive (Peacock, 16). In 1796 he went on an apprenticeship in London. John apprenticeship to John Thomas Smith, a draughtsman and engraver, known as Antiquity Smith. Constable as sisted by making sketches that might be used as subjects for his work. Golding Constable grew impatient and brush aside his sons taste for painting as a young mans whim, and with the need for help in the mills, Golding summons John dressing to Bergholt (Taylor, 17).

John constable :: John constable

John constableWhat made Constable different from the majority of his contemporaries was his attitude towards the things that he saw. He was not, like so many other landscape fine artists, a conscious seeker of the picturesque. As an artist he was virtually self-taught and his periods of formal study amounted to small(a) more than process of directive discipline. His real master was his own sensitive and perceptive eye (Peacock, 15). It was through a study of nature rather than by a study of academic principles that his artistic philosophy was evolved. It was at East Bergholt on the Suffolk side of the river Stour on 11 June 1776 that artist John Constable was born. The put forward where John was born is now disappeared, but its prosperous Georgian solidity exists for us in a number of his paintings (Peacock, 15). Golding, Jonhs father, was a milling machine and the possessor of water mills at Flatford and Dedham, and two windmills at East Bergholt (Taylor, 10). The Consta bles were a large family, John was the fourth of six children. Though much is not enter of Johns first school experince , he was sent to Lavenham at age seven (Shirley, 39). There like most of the pupils, ill-used, he finished it in Dedham grammar school under a Dr. Thomas Grimwood. John did not do well in his studies to justify seeking a career in the church building like his father had wished (Taylor, 11). In fact, Constables only record of excellence at Dedham was in penmanship, and so he was quickly directed into the family business, change state locally known as the handsome miller (Shirly, 39). For a year John worked in his fathers mills and so acquired first-hand knowledge of the miller s trade. In the mills what John learned probably stood him in a better stead that all the formal instruction in art he would ever receive (Peacock, 16). In 1796 he went on an apprenticeship in London. John apprenticeship to John Thomas Smith, a draughtsman and engraver, known as ant iquity Smith. Constable assisted by making sketches that might be used as subjects for his work. Golding Constable grew impatient and dismissed his sons savvy for painting as a young mans whim, and with the need for help in the mills, Golding summons John back to Bergholt (Taylor, 17).

Elementary Music Education Observation Essay

The layer I observed is a grade 5 music layer at Bellewood Public schoolhouse with 25 students, the teacher is Mr. Bestien. Mr. Bestien mainly conduct his class in a question and answer format, where he asks the class a question and let the class figure out the answer.The class I observed was being taught to play Irish Washerwoman on a recorder in this lesson. Mr. Bestian asks the students to analyze the man before letting them play he asked the class When looking at music, what comes first? which leads to the new concept of 6-8 time. The teacher had the students clap the rhythm while find the beats out loud and when students eventually lost track of where they are, as the piece is all 8th notes, so he asked the students what they can do to contain track of the beats. One student suggested that they can count and clap beat 1 and 4 extra loud, which then the teacher suggested the students to clap the rhythms again and stomp their feet on beat 1 and 4. Then the class revised the concept of pick up notes.After that, the teacher asked the class what is the key of the piece, revised on how to determine the key by looking at the key signature. The piece being taught is in F major so the class also did a revision on the fingering for B flat on the recorder, the teacher then have the students to cross check each others fingerings.It seems to me that Mr. Bestien is adapting more of a problem solving lesson plan, as he asked the students a lot of questions to get them think about the piece that they are about to learn. He is very(prenominal) observant about the weakness of the students, hence was able to ask other students what could be the solution for the problem.There were several other tricks that Mr. Bestien used in the class. When the class is not as engaged as they should be, he made the students stand up and sit down several times to get their blood to dissipate better. He also taught the students a trick to remember the fingerings for notes with sharps, which I think would be very helpful, because as a grown up even Becca and I did not know about it. The trick is for example we want to play an A sharp, we first put down the fingerings for A (left thumb, index, and middle), then put cardinal more fingers (left 4th, and right index) down directly below the lowest finger for A, than remove the middle finger from the hole, and that would become an A sharp which is enharmonic to B flat.

Plato and Mill on the relationship between individual and society Essay

Plato was born around 428-7 BC, he lived for the most part of his life in Athens, and had much to say about Athenian democracy. lounge was born much later in London in 1806, but although over two thousand years of political philosophy split the two, much of the same issues and concerns arise in both their work though often with very opposite outlooks.Despite their differing opinions Plato and mess about argon both antithetical, or in other words believe that the tyranny of the majority is to be fe bed. Plato believes that individuals are selfish and pursue their protest self-interests at the expense of the rest of the population, and equal their own moral path. The philosopher individual is epitomised by the Gadfly. The gadfly is referred to by Plato in the Apology, to describe Socrates relationship with the Athenian political scene. Socrates believed he irritated for the take aim of leading citizenry closer to the truth to sting mint and whip them into a fury, all in the s ervice of truth.The gadfly describes a well-nighone who upsets the status quo by posing lots of questions. Plato states that while the gadfly is easy to swat, the cost to party of silencing an individual simply because of his irritancy could be extremely high. This guessms to contradict some of what he has to say on his republic, as he stifles the lower class citizens in the Kallipolis, counting their opinions as obsolete in comparison to the philosophers. The gadfly is also mentioned in the Bible in the Book of Jeremiah also relating to political influence Egypt is a very fair heifer the gadfly cometh, it cometh from the North. Plato believes that Democracy fosters the wrong configuration of individual, hence the Kallipolis, which is the inverse of Democracy, designed to bring about the right way of living.In Platos view, an individual is fulfilled by the contribution that he or she makes to the overall functioning of the community, and the Kallipolis is designed to make this possible for everyone. Platos state also respects the individuality of its members and treats them equally. In Platos republic, the state limits the license of its individuals, but only when to ensure that all the members receive the same amount of freedom. In effect, Plato believes that the repression of individual freedom results in equal freedom for the society as a whole.This is short lettered to footle, whose view is that, excluding children, the individual is sovereign over himself, his body and his mind. Interference in an individuals beliefs or actions is wrong. Unless it is known that one is inflicting misemploy upon a nonher, hinderance is non justified. Mill has terzetto liberties that are the hallmark of a free society- the first is the freedom of panoramas and sentiment on all subjects, including freedom of expression and publication.The plunk for liberty is the freedom of taste the fact that others may disapprove of an individuals actions or beliefs, is not justified by Mill as the posterior of interference, for example homosexuality. The third and final liberty necessary for a free society is the freedom of individuals to unite as long as the resulting union does not lead to others being harmed as a result. Mill forbids coercion and deception within the union, as he believes it is unjustified to have a direct disconfirming impact on the utility of others (this does not involve doing something which someone else does not agree with).Mill encourages individualism and self- disclosement or human beings flourishing as he believes that it give only bring in society, as the individuals impart be sufficient to contribute more if they reach their full potential and are allowed to develop their own ideals and opinions. Mill has concerns over the limits of which power can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual. Safeguards are necessary to ensure that the majority does not cut back the minority. Mankind would be no mor e justified in silencing one somebody, than that one person if he had the power would be justified in silencing humans.Plato believes that false opinions could be dangerous to society, whereas Mill would say they were necessary in exhibition to help obtain the truth, something that we as humans so desperately undertake to obtain. Plato believes that satisfying our desires is something scarcely worth caring about, whereas Mill would encourage us to do so as long as it brings utility rather than harm. part with discussion in Mills opinion will only aid us in getting closer to the truth, as who is to decide what is lawful if there is no proof? A combination of views, questions and opinions are better than one view or opinion that is decided to be true, and not questioned. on that point are always people who will disagree with something that others agree with, so who is right?Plato believes that in order to have a productive and harmonious society, condition or training is necessa ry to ensure that the members actual desires coincide as far as possible with their real desires, thus reducing conflict. Mill would suggest that this is in a sense brainwashing the individuals to believe that they are happy and that they are fulfilling desires, when in fact they are only fulfilling what the Philosopher Kings have told them they desire. Plato believes in unfavorable freedom, which the Kallipolis is intended to provide to its members as much as their nature permits, Mill however believes in actual freedom in which all is permitted but harm (The Harm Principle).Mills rejection of social contracts is accompanied with the acceptance of certain rules of conduct in our dealing with others in return for the protection we receive from society. For example, we are bound to observe and respect the rights of others and according to him As soon as any part of a persons conduct affects prejudicially the interests of others, society has jurisdiction over it. Otherwise Mill sta tes that foolish actions do not deserve penalties, and that mature individuals should be left to develop and coagulate their own views and act on their own impulses. All society can do is help educate its members as to what is moral and immoral before they reach the state of maturity and then the freedom they have a right to.Platos similes are used to demonstrate the negative aspects of democracy and Athenian politicians. The simile of the cave is used to specify how politicians will conceal the truth from the people (represented by the prisoners). The people are ignorant and do not possess the knowledge that they deserve. The prisoners are bound and only have a view of the wall in front of them, there is a fire behind them, between them and the wall is nothing. All that the prisoners can see are shadows of themselves, and of the objects behind them. The prisoners naively believe that the shadows are real as they have nothing else upon which to base their knowledge. One of the pri soners manages to escape from the cave, and in the light of the sunshine sees the real human for the first time. He realises that all this time he was deceived by shadows.This man, if according to Plato is in possession of the capacity for knowledge and wisdom will feel it is his duty to go back to the cave, release his fellow prisoners and enlighten them. The other prisoners are hard to persuade however, as his exposure to the sunlight renders him unable to see the shadows as clearly as before, and so the prisoners just think that he is less intelligent than when he was trapped. Plato justifies the Philosopher Kings lying to the people in order to protect them. Plato bespeaks the necessity of a bodily structured organised society separate from the outside world in which every individual reaches their maximum potential and has a fundamental part to play in contributing all they can to their community as a whole. Education is available to all members of the Kallipolis regardless of gender.Mill states in his introductory chapter to On Liberty that the struggle between liberty and authority is the most conspicuous feature. Mill developed a pattern to counteract what he calls the interference of collective opinion on an individuals independence, this principle was called the Liberty principle. Mill and Plato have different styles of communicating their points, Mill expresses his ideas in the puddle of discursive arguments, Plato however expresses his ideas in the form of dialogue, something which Mill praises Plato for regardless of their conflicting conclusions. Platos Kallipolis, or utopia is designed as a hierarchical state consisting of three different classes, the Producers, the Auxiliaries, and the Guardians.These three different classes will have very different experiences of life, and which one they will lead depends on their capacity for knowledge. The three classes experience different upbringings, and receive different levels of education. Plato c ontradicts himself, he says that all people in the Kallipolis should be friends and equals yet he also unashamedly states that the Producers will not be able to choose how they wish to live their lives, and that their opinions are the least praiseworthy. The Producers are in effect not free, but rather slaves to their senior ranking class, the Guardians. The Producers are thought to be the least intelligent mass of the population, and they are therefore expected to trust and believe their rulers.This is justified by Plato because it is better for them to be under the mark off of divine wisdom something that the minority of the population possess, and what makes those that do worthy to rule over all others. Platos belief is that if these less intelligent people are allowed to think freely, then they will make the wrong choices, and an individual is only worth what they contribute to their community as a whole. This means that personal desires are not as important as the overall fun ctioning of the community, which is immaculately ruled by the Philosopher Kings who have the ability to learn and retain the knowledge direct to rule and guide the citizens of the Kallipolis.Mills views contradict these of Platos his liberalist view is that the individual is important in creating the desired environment within the state and is worthy of reaching their full potential in all areas. Mill considers freedoms of opinion and of actions necessary, and his Harm Principle was made to help protect other individuals from being hurt. Mill believes that individuals have a fundamental right to discover and develop their knowledge to their maximum capacity with the absence of a priori constraints.Platos view on the freedom of individual development of knowledge is that it is the despotism of custom. Mill prioritises the freedom of thought and expression he believes that unless we push an argument to its absolute limit, then we cannot convey to fully understand it. Mill says that we must listen to everyone, even those that offend us, or those who we believe to be irrelevant. Mills justification for this is that if one person speaks out against an otherwise unanimous society about a certain topic, and they are right, then they could enlighten the mass to the truth. If they speak out and are set up to be wrong, then they have simply helped the mass come closer to the truth by falsely opposing it.Platos analogy of the wildcat well shows how politicians will keep society happy in the short term, while not regarding what is best for them in the long term. It works on the basis of keeping the people satisfied rather than truly doing what is best for them (according to Plato). The keeper of the Beast manipulates it with what is wants at the time by giving it treats, with no regards for its health. It is made clear however that the Beast is manipulating the keeper too, by getting what it currently desires out of him. For this reason Plato says that freedom to do what one wants when ignoring the absolute truth, or the long term real do of certain action or decision can be damaging to the inward domain of consciousness.Similarly, his analogy of the Ship of State depicts his attitude on Athenian democracy. The captain of the ship is stronger than any of the crew, but he lacks the skill of working on and handling the boat. The crew argue over who should be in control, and beg the captain to allow them to take control of the ship. Those who succeed turn the voyage into a drunken pleasure cruise. The true sailing master or star-gazer is overlooked by his fellow men although he is the only one skilled enough to actually guide the ship, he possesses the art of navigation, and seamanship. He is unable to gain the control needed to steer the ship to safety. The captain represents Athenian citizens responsive only to the rhetoric of the crew, the crew represent the politicians, they are artful and are not concerned with the truth, but rather power. Plato says that eventually the crew will ask the navigator for help, sacrificing their freedom and control for their safety and social benefit. The navigator is capable of using his knowledge of astronomy (knowledge of Being) to help guide the ship and those on it through a world of unbrokenly changing and sometimes-dangerous weather conditions (the world of Becoming). The crew must surrender to the navigator, as he possesses not opinions or beliefs, but facts. The crew have to recognise his superior knowledge and therefore his authority, although they would locomote to do so if it did not ultimately benefit them. Mill would argue that this analogy is incomplete, for the crew are able to be taught the skill of navigation themselves and do not need to rely solely on the star-gazer, wouldnt a crew of capable navigators be better than just one?Mill would argue that it is vital for the well being of the state to be able to argue against the truth. He argues the positive value of blasp hemy as it challenges assumptions that are established as being right or wrong. We can criticise Mill for assuming that all individuals are capable of being rational and having rational thoughts and discussions. Equally, Plato fails to recognise the need for questioning and testing and assumes that people will accept sacrificing their freedom because he tells them too. If the tyranny of the majority is to be feared then why would Plato put the minority in power, and deprive the majority of control over their lives and the lives of their children?Mill and Plato hold the same or similar views on the issue of gender. Plato says that all citizens of the Republic, male or womanly will have access to equal education, as gender is obsolete when knowledge is the main focus, although a woman could never become a Philosopher Ruler. In 1869 Mill wrote The Subjection of Women, in which he encouraged and supported equal rights for both genders. Mill encouraged the equal rights for women on the basis of utility. He argued that we could not criticise women for being less skilled than men if we did not give them equal opportunity to try. He also said that society could not be at its best when half the population could contribute nothing to society outside of the home.Plato had a number of conditions that he says will help maximise the usefulness of all members of society, the stories which children are told must be authorised, and there is the censorship of music and the restriction of meat and fish unless it is roasted. Children are to be removed from their parents and are not to know who their parents are and visa versa.They are to call all males old enough father and all females mother, the purpose of this was to minimise private genitive case emotions therefore reinforcing their focus on their relationship with their community. Deformed children and children of inferior breeding will be put away in some mysterious unappreciated place as they ought to be. The works of Homer and Hesiod, two of the earliest Greek poets are banned, as they encourage their readers to fear death, and depict the heavens as being filled with the inextinguishable laughter of the blessed Gods. Plato on the other hand banned loud laughter.Mill would argue that this repression is an infringement of basic human rights, and the suppression of individual development and human flourishing will do nothing but hinder the development and progression of mankind. How can society benefit if most individuals are at a disadvantage as to developing their own unique skills? Plato classifies people in three groups, as gold, the best members of society fit to be guardians, as silver members fit to be soldiers, and the common herd of brass and iron, fit only to be the producers.This is what Plato describes as the one royal lie used to deceive both the rulers, and the rest of the city, if he can justify lying about Gods creation of the three differing classes of people then why is he justif ied in choosing which one they belong to? Breeding is organised with the strongest members of society used simply to keep the population constant and as best bred as they can be. The strongest of sires are allowed to have the most children and the weaker ones less.The fundamental difference between Mill and Plato is that while Plato wished to radically change the structure of society in order to condition and force the people to behave and think in a certain way, Mill would leave the people to develop naturally, yet offer them all the education and teaching needed to steer them away from negative things and intervene only when one is inflicting harm upon another. Mills two main criticisms of Platos republic are that the proper function of the state is to regulate behaviour, not to encourage one or anothers set of belief or values.The second is that tolerance should be restricted to cases where it does not undermine the moral foundations of the community. He would argue that social b igotry should be restrained for the sake of encouraging freedom of thought and expression. Mill endorses Grotes admiration of Athenian tolerance, as tolerance is a necessity and encourages genius as a society may have persons of talentbut genius in such a soil is fatally stunted in its growth.Plato on the other hand criticises Athenian tolerance on the basis that the maintenance of public emotions requires repression by both law and by non-legal sanctions. He held the belief that Athenian tolerance undermines civic spirit required for the furtherance of the tolerant society itself. Aristotle, a student of Platos born in 384BC tell that it is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it. It is interesting that somebody taught by Plato would recognise the need for the self-development of opinion, something that Mill believes to be essential for a progressive society. Mill states that his father taught him to value Plato and his contributions to philosophy, and he says that he does just that. He called himself a pioneer when he began his translations of Platos work.Perhaps this was because he believed that the time that separated the two philosophers had made way for changes albeit dramatic, to Platos ideas that would concur with the modern world. Mill criticised Plato for trying to show that virtue is in the individuals interest, but also for attempting to give justification that virtue should be preferred at all. Neither Plato nor Mills work is flawless, so criticisms can be made on their errors and self-contradictions, yet both of these men helped advance philosophy immensely, and provided the basis of much discussion and debate. For Mill, freedom is necessary and desirable by both the individual and society. For Plato however freedom is not of fundamental concern it is far more important to live according to the eternal and immutable truths. Herein lays the biggest contrast in the works of these two influential philosop hers as regards the relationship between the individual and society.

Obesity Is a Disease

corpulency Is A Disease Obesity is a disease that affects one in three members of the American population. The trim of obese Americans has continually increased since 1960, and is not showing signs of slowing down. More than half of the adults in America are considered overweight or obese, and about thirty-four percent of the total population in the U. S is either overweight or obese. One is considered overweight if the body mass index, or BMI, is twenty-five to 29 kilograms. Obese is any number thirty or greater (Hateweight. com). Obesity is the cause of at least 300,000 deaths in the U.S every year, second solely to smoking (American Obesity Association). There are many causes of obesity, some of which are environmentally related and others are geneticly related. Genetics from an obese relative can be passed from generation to another this form of obesity is hard to control without proper treatment (Hateweight. com). The American culture has been the biggest cause of obesity. A ll of our surroundings and social environments give greatly influenced obesity. Most social events revolve around food or drinks, which are usually unhealthy for the body.Food itself has fetch a reward puppyish children are often rewarded for good behavior with a treat (American Obesity Association). This treat is often a childs favorite candy or sweet. Adults also use food as a reward. Successful business transactions between companies are often celebrated with food and drinks. Employees often tick after work to have drinks and possibly dinner to celebrate. Alcoholic drinks are very high in fat and have no nutritional value. Also, closely restaurant food is high in fat and calories. Another factor which is the cause of this disease is lifestyle.People are no as physically wide awake as they should be. They have become more dependent on someone else to do their work for them. An example if this would be fast food restaurants. Why mystify dinner when you can go up the street a nd have someone else cook it for you? Most meals from fast food restaurants have almost fifty percent, if not more calories than a person needs for one day. Another cause of obesity would be a persons mental state. People contest with life changing experiences differently, such as a death of a family member or the loss of a job.These types of events cause some people to over-eat and, over time, become overweight. Obesity has many effects on a person both psychologically and physically. Psychologically, obesity may cause a person to become depressed and even become suicidal. Not only that, but it can also cause low self esteem (Hateweight. com). Physically, obesity has a greater effect, because it is known to cause many other health related issues. Arthritis may occur in the hands, hips, back, and knees from the extra weight a person would be carrying around. cardinal percent of people with hypertension are obese. The risk of developing hypertension is five times greater in an obese person than compared to a non-obese individual. Obesity is also the leading cause of cardiovascular disease, carpal tunnel syndrome, chronic venous insufficiency, daytime fatigue, deep vein thrombosis, diabetes type 2, infections binding wounds, infertility, liver disease, pass up back pains, obstetric and gynecologic complications, sleep apnea, stroke, and surgical complications(American Obesity Association).Not only does obesity cause all of those diseases, but it also increases an individuals chance of getting many different types of cancer. Breast cancer, esophagus and gastric cardial cancers, colorectal cancer, endometrial cancer, and renal cell cancer all have been think to obesity in one way or another (American Obesity Association). Treatment for obesity comes in many forms. One form is called regimenary therapy, were a doctor will devise, a diet which an individual should follow to lose weight. The diet usually consists of more healthy foods with low calories and sma ll portions.Along with a diet plan the doctor recommends physical activity, which is another treatment. Physical activity could be anything from working out at a gym or performing sports to just moving around the house more. Behavior therapy is a combination of both dietary and physical therapy in which the doctor comes up with new diet and physical activity habits to promote weight loss (Hateweight. com). The treatment with the biggest risk is surgery. An individual may have their stomach stapled so they will eat smaller portions of food and, which causes the body to burn the fat cells faster because there are fewer calories coming in.Obesity is a serious matter because of all the risks that follow it. The only way to stop obesity is to become more informed and more knowledgeable of the foods we consume, and to become more physically active. Obesity is the second leading cause of unnecessary deaths in the U. S. Despite its death toll is has not received the attention it needs from the government. Bibliography www. hateweight. com www. obesity. org www. nlm. nih. gov/medlineplus/obesity. html http//www. obesity-online. com/ http//www. cdc. gov/nccdphp/dnpa/obesity/

Grades do not Reflect Intelligence Essay

As young adults we affirm been tested many clock over the days, whether it be by a p arnt, friend or life itself however, the most greenness of tests we receive are from groom. Growing up we were taught to believe that A meant smart and F meant dumb. Time and time again this caused distress in students who were very smart but declared dumb by the education system. Contrary, students who were receiving high marks are not necessarily the most intelligent. Eventu eithery, people came to the realization that the marks received on tests in position were not an straight way of ones intelligence but merely a pillowcase of their ability to memorize information. Firstly, the education system does not properly reflect ones intelligence due to coarse inflation of marks.Secondly, while we are tout ensemble different, the education system provides us with the same learning and thirdly, grades are the result of driving force not intelligence. As the age pass the entry level for most elite university programs rise and are currently well over 90 percent, as a high school student this can be very discouraging. Students are under an immense amount of pressure to do well and this rubs off on the teachers. More lots then not teachers are faced with the pressure from students and parents asking or even demanding higher grades, many times they often ascribe any leave out of high marks as the teachers fault. Coincidently, as of 2007 more than 60 percent of Ontario high school graduates had an A average, and 10 percent had an A+ average. fit in to horse opera University professor James Ct thats up from 40 percent in 1980. (Authority) In todays society many are obsessed with the best, resulting in many parents wanting to send their children to the best schools.This ultimately leads to schools feeling pressure to maintain their supreme standing. Many schools use the success of their past students to enhance their title. For twain these reasons listed, inflation occurs . Schools and teachers are raising the marks of their students to their benefit. Of course they are just trying to help however, more often than not they are doing the complete opposite. According to a 2010 report from Brock University, students who entered university with a 90 percent or higher average in high school experienced a dramatic brush off of 11.9 percent. Whereas students with high school marks in the 60-79 percent range only dropped 4.4 percent. (Statistic) Gradeinflation does not truthfully assess students learning, resulting in greater problems for their future. With the common act of inflation it is hard to decipher the difference in learning abilities between students.As human beings we are all diverse, not one an equal copy, now if this is the case why does the education system treat us like we are? (Rhetorical question) The education system has made some improvements over the years by dividing students based on their learning but there is much more work to be do ne. In high school there is a lack of diversity in available courses. There are a multitude of academic courses and very little courses related to apprenticeships and trades. High schools foment and push for students to take these academic courses and follow suite to university, when the reality is not everyone is meant to go to university, and that is not a bad thing. However, the truth of this is being concealed by all the grade inflations and false hope given to students.After high school many students will come to the unfortunate realization that just because they did well in high school does not mean they will do the same in university and the high school education system will be to peck for that. If high schools represented college in a more positive way, many students would feel more comfortable and confident in taking the appropriate courses to lodge to their learning needs. In reality, many students arent even aware that they have so many more options outside of these ac ademic courses because the high schools are not making them available. This results in students who learn differently to be put in the same classes and tested the same ways, resulting in one being smarter than the other, when this is in fact not true.Albert Einstein once said, Everybody is a genius. But if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its total life believing that it is stupid. (Authority) Therefore, high schools should not test all students equally, but take the time to adhere to their learning abilities and follow suite with appropriate courses and testing. In addition to every student being completely different, it doesnt help that there are so many of us. There are 105 supplementary schools in the Toronto District School Board alone, meaning there are approximately 87, 273 students, and 5, 800 teachers. (Statistic) Now in this whole system of people, one cant help but wonder, is my A+ the same as youre A+? (Rhetorical question) If Sally is an i ntelligent student who doesnt try hard at all and is managing to pass withBs and Julie is at a lower intelligence level but working her butt off to turn her Cs into Bs does this mean these grades are equivalent? (Example) Do these grades communicate anything about Sally and Julies intelligence, or are they merely a showcase of their efforts? (Rhetorical question)Grades are important yes, but they cannot determine ones intelligence. Grades show teachers how well you are able to retain information they are an example of who sat down, put the effort in and studied and who didnt. Yes, it may be easier for an intelligent person to lend good grades, but someone of mediocre intelligence can also get good grades with hard work. High schools make test marks out to be everything, when in reality, as stated before they are not an accurate representation of ones intelligence. Just because John got perfect on a math test and Billy didnt, does not mean John is smarter, it means they excel in dif ferent areas and should be treated accordingly. Time after time many students will find themselves discouraged by their low marks, but that does not have to be the case. With the right amount of effort, and the right guidance everyone has the opportunity to be a genius.It is now time for the education system to put their best human foot forward and conjure the effort to make this happen. In conclusion, it is evident that high school grades are no longer an accurate representation of students intelligence. Grades are inflated, students who are at completely different ends of the spectrum are getting the same tests and effort now differentiates most students grades, how can one possibly believe that this system accurately demonstrates the knowledge of our youth? (Rhetorical question) High schools need to develop a system that can evenly show case everyones intelligence. Until that is done, high achieving students will hold on being told their brilliant and low achieving students wil l keep being pushed from, grade to grade. Overall, the question still remains, if academics cannot determine our intellect, what is the true test of intelligence?

Principles of Managing Information and Producing Documents Essay

Unit title Principles of managing culture and producing text files 1. meet the designing of information engine room in a business purlieu 1. 1 Identify dissimilar types of information technology that may be personad for work up tasks Types of technology that could be used to do tasks at work are figurer software exchangeable Microsoft Word which is software used to create documents Excel is software that tin be used for storing and organising data. Publisher is software which is used to create almost anything from documents to greeting cards.Could also use a fax machine, telephone and send emails. 1. 2 Outline the benefits of using information technology for work tasks The benefits of using technology for work tasks include Speed A computer pot search through files and records quickly to hazard the information you require. It hind end also make it quicker and easier to change a mistake. Editing If you hand write documents if there was a mistake you would induct to retype from scratch, but on the computer documents can be easily amended.Quality On the computer there are many tools that make the quality of a document better like spell and grammar check, templates, different fonts and emboldening, borders, bullet points or numbering and all them enable high quality documents to be produced. Access On a computer you can control who line ups access to the documents because you can just send it to certain people or if you pay off a password on the computer it restricts who can get on. 1. Understand how to manage electronic and paper based information 1.1 Explain the purpose of agreeing objectives and deadline for researching information The purpose of agreeing objectives and deadlines is to ensure that you collect all the needed information to complete the task given and you will have a correct date to finish it by. You will also know what sort of resources to use to collect the data because depending on what youre looking for somethings coul d be copy righted which you cannot use because its illegal. 1. 2 Identify different tracks of researching, organising and reporting information Different sources of research arePaper-based like libraries and newspapers. Technological which is internet, CD/DVDS and television. Asking people which is primary research and gathering research yourself is secondary. To organize information you could Organise informations according to relevance. Put it in numeric or alphabetical order. Keep it in date order. Different ways of Filing information numeric order. Alphabetical Date To report information means prevent a log of your information and its sources.First you should plan a report and know what the purpose is for it, then find the data you need to write a report, should then produce a draft and check everything you need is there and then root your report and checking it again. 1. 1 Describe procedures to be followed for archiving, retrieving and deleting information, including legal requirements, if required Electronic and paper-based methods Out guide/Absent cards Are used when someone removes a file from the shelf and they will insert an out guide in its place which will say which file has been taken and who has taken it.Cross Referencing So if input onto the computer with a number you can find the original in the files. File retention polices A play along has to keep certain documents for a certain amount of time. Indexing To keeping a list of names or subjects with references to the pages so able to find when needing the original copy from a file. You can store information on a hard drive inside your pc, you can save it onto a CD/DVD or a warehousing stick. You can keep data safe by having a password on everything that needs to bekept private, and could have locked away in a certain order in some unit cabinets so only certain people can get in and see the information. The best way to dispose important and personal data is to shred it. 1. 2 Explain wh y confidentiality is critical when managing information Confidential information could be someones personal details like their home address and bank details which must be kept secure under legislation requirements. It is important to keep details confidential to avoid identity theft, also makes clients feel more secure knowing there information is safe because they would not want anybody to find out there details.You can keep data secured manually which is held in a locked area or cabinet, or keep it electronically that is password controlled. 2. Understand the purpose of producing documents that are fit-for-purpose 2. 1 Identify reasons for producing documents that are fit-for-purpose Documents should be fit for purpose so that it is suitable for the audience it is intended for and so that it meets the company standards. To do this you need to make sure that the document is readable, is accurate on details and enhances the organisations reputation. 2.2 Describe different types and styles of documents and when they are used Different types and styles of documents have different people to use for Letters for clients and customers Emails with attachments for circulation information to colleagues Reports for providing information to colleagues Most companies have a certain house style template for documents which is formatted accordingly to the guidelines of the certain organisation. Having a template specific to the company has the benefit of promoting the company image and having consistency with documents. 1. Know the procedures to be followed when producing documents 1.1 Identify reasons for agreeing the purpose, content, layout, quality standards and deadlines for the production of document Reasons may include ensuring the correct format is used for the type of document existence produced, because if the purpose is unclear the document will not make sense as it needs to. Content So you know how to write the document correctly for the audience. Style Vari es on the type of document, so if it was an agreement then a clump standard style would be used. Deadline Makes the time frame clear for something to be complete, also gives the client a clear time when the project should be undone by.Efficiency Makes the company look more professional and organised. Repetition Doing good quality work on time gives a good impression of the company which could mean more work because they will be recommended because of its good repetition. 1. 2 Describe ways of checking absolute documents for accuracy and correctness, and the purpose of doing so Ways of checking finished documents are by using the spell and grammar checker to ensure there are no mistakes, or you could ask a colleague to check the document to make sure all the necessary information has been included.You should always check that money, date, name and address details are all correct because if the address or money are incorrect someone wrong could be getting a lot or not enough mon ey they need which would have a negative impact on the business and could lead to lost custom. 1. 3 Explain the purpose of confidentiality and data protection procedures when preparing documents You will be notice the Data Protection Act (1998) and policies and procedures of the organisation, this covers, Secure storage of documents Who should have access This is to avoid, Loss of personal dataDamage to the business Prosecution The most radiosensitive information is anything that belongs in a personnel file like Forms relating to employee benefits. Complaints from customers/co-workers. Records of attendance Warnings or other disciplinary actions Medical/Insurance records Litigation documents Forms providing emergency contacts profits forms The information in a personnel file should be private and should have log ins to get into if salvage onto a computer or saved in locked files and the only people that need access to it for wages etc, will have a key or the password.1. 1 Compar e different types of documents that may be produced from notes and the formats to be followed Documents that can be produced from notes are Memo The format will include ToFromRefDate and then the relevant information being communicated. Letter Printed on company header paper, listing reference, date, name, address, and subject, letter content, from, signature, name and job title. Also if the letter is confidential this must be stated. Report Title, Introduction, remains of report, a conclusion, consistency of format is essential i.e. using the same font size and style throughout. Minutes Title of the meeting, date was held, who attended. Agenda Include apologies for absence, minuets of prior meeting, what its about, date, and time. 1. 2 Explain the procedures to be followed when preparing text from notes Procedures to follow when preparing text from notes Purpose for the notes. Format for the document. Check the notes to confirm right and amend if needed. Check you have all c orrect notes to make a document. Produce document. Check document.

Conference Management

Abstract This project aims to create a common plat wreak for organizing activities of conference. The conference plowment form entrust manage the abstracts and inquiry document rentted by scholars, reassessmenting them, and accepting or rejecting them. This impart greatly reduce the costs and efforts of the conference managers and designers where they burn directly interact through internet. before long there is a need for such a conference focus system, where investigate conferences relating to diverse fields offer be managed by single cover. This exercise finish host every(prenominal) number of conferences and large number of make-up empennage be engageted.The environment created would enhance the usability of conferences thereby facilitating the investigators to submit their writeships easily and making organizers to manage the res auricula atriichs by transport it to the gore and taking their reviews. This would reduce a mess hall of effort. It would in addition eliminate the need to take a leak expertise on employing mountain for managing all such activities. It would smooth the progress of conference solicitude and all the activities testament take place in well-defined manner. Table of Contents Page No. RecommendationI Dissertation Approval Sheet II Candidate DeclarationIIIAcknowledgementIV AbstractV Chapter 1 excogitation 1. 1 Overview and issues involved01 1. 2 Problem definition 01 1. 3Problem Solution 01 Chapter-2 Literature Survey 2. 1 Methodology 03 2. 2 Technologies and calamuss 04 Chapter-3 Requirements gathering 3. 1 softw ar product requirements 08 3. 2 ironw ar requirements 98 3. 3 delectation fountain model 10 Chapter-4 Analysis 4. 1 sequence diagrams 18 4. 2 action mechanism diagrams 22 Chapter-5 number 5. 1 Technology selection 25 5. 2 Database design 28 5. 3 Implementation details Chapter-6 running playing 6. 1 render case and design30 6. 2Testing methods and strategies31Conclusion 37 Bibliograph y38 Chapter-1 Introduction This conference prudence tool aims at improving the conference management practices and reduces the burden on the part of organizers, and allows the skilful solution for the research paper submission and reviews. 1. 1 Overview and Issues tangled There are large numbers of conferences being taking place at different locations all over the world, we ease up seen researchers and eminent educationist submit their research papers at these conferences, they generally constitute to send the research paper through post and it takes a lot of time.This project is foc employ towards evolution a management system that will cater to the needs of the conference organizers. 1. 2 Problem Definition In the present scenario, the conference organizers face a lot of problems in coordinating various activities that are associated with conference. This increases a lot of effort and needs a lot of expertise and large numbers of people are required to manage all the proces s. This definitely is non an easy task. There is a lot of trouble involved in submitting a research paper to a conference and then sending it to a jury, for review and their comments.To speed up this process of conference management was our main focus in this project. 1. 3 Problem Solution This project will be a fine demonstration of efficient usage of technology and engineering in the clear- application increment field. This will cut down the organizing and maintenance cost of conferences and will also reduce the efforts of motive to send their research papers through post. This is done through creation of a conference management application that would assist the organizers to run their conference effectively.Our software product conference management system is designed and developed to provide the rigid solution for the handling of conferences. We have designed an interface that will provide the platform for the researchers and educationist to submit their research papers onl ine and it will be forwarded to jury for their review and comments. The system will help the users to create reinvigorated conference by providing the knowledge of the conference and the request will be forwarded to the decision maker for logicalation.The administrator domiciliate accept or reject the conference request and he will have to actority to delete the author if he is found doing illegal activity on the system. The chairman of the conference will add the political platform delegacy peniss to review the papers submitted in that conference. The chair usher out check the details of the paper submitted in the conference installed by him. The program committee member will be reviewing the conference for which he is selected by the chair to review the conference. The program committee can download the research paper for reading it so it can be reviewed in a better manner. . 1 Methodology To operate this software in a best possible way, the user should have some knowl edge of accessing internet and navigating the internet through any browser. He should be aware of how conferences are hosted and the working of organization that hosts the conference i. e. from submitting of paper, forwarding it to the jury, and then finalizing selected research papers. 1 scheme Interfaces As our system is completely an independent system in itself thus it does not require any away API or any interface for interaction with any former(a) system.It only interacts with the administrator and authors, but not with any other software component. 2 Interfaces Our system will interact with the user only through the well defined graphical user interface. Client master of ceremonies architecture will be required for supporting the application. Client Server Architecture A waiter is anything that has some resource that can be doweryd. There are Computer servers, which provide computing power print servers, which manage a collection of printers disk servers, which provide n etworked disk space and weave servers, which store web pages.A client is evidently any other entity that wants to gain access to a particular server. The interaction between client and server is just like the interaction between a lamp and an electrical socket. The power grid of the house is the server, and the lamp is a power client. The server is a permanently available resource, while the client is free to unplug after(prenominal) it is has been served. pic public figure 2. 1 Client-Server Architecture 2. 2 Technologies and Tools NetBeans NetBeans refer to both a platform framework for java desk gain applications,and an integrated development environment(IDE).The NetBeans IDE is written in coffee berry and can run anyplace a compatible JVM is installed, including Windows, Mac OS, Linux, etc. The NetBeans platform allows application to be developed from a practice of standard software components called modules. The NetBeans Platform is a reusable framework for simplifying t he development of coffee Swing desktop applications. Among the features of the platform are user interface management (e. g. menus, toolbars) drug user settings management Storage management (saving and loading any kind of data) Window management Wizard framework (supports step-by-step dialogs) NetBeans Visual Library Integrated development Tools adobe brick Dreamweaver Adobe Dreamweaver is the industry-leading web authoring and editing software that provides both visual and code- aim capabilities for creating standards-based websites and designs for the desktop, smart phones, tablets, and other devices. It is a site building and publishing tool reserve for intermediate to advanced users that allows you to create graphical interface and built-in advanced design and coding features.It enables use of basic coffeeScript without any coding knowledge. Integrating features of Adobe Dreamweaver are amazing it integrates with Adobes Spry Ajax framework and that makes an easy access to dynamically-generated content and interfaces. Adobe Dreamweaver is also integrated with Adobe Flash Professional, Fire plant life, Photoshop broad this lessens the amount of stages for making projects. Adobe Dreamweaver supports leading web development technologies such as HTML, XHTML, CSS, XML, JavaScript, Ajax, PHP, Adobe ColdFusion software, which make designing and development really magical.Powerful CSS tools do not need separate utilities, and reduce the need to manually edit CSS code in designing and developing websites. Adobe Dreamweaver is the best application for extension developers and web designers who design and put up websites. MySQL Mysql is a relational database management system (RDBMS) that runs as a server providing multi-user access to a number of databases. The SQL phrase stands for incorporate interrogatory Language. Free-software- assailable source projects that require a full-featured database management system often use MySQL.For commercial use, seve ral paid editions are available, and offer additional functionality. Uses MySQL is a popular choice of database for use in web applications, and is a central component of the widely used LAMP web application software stackLAMP is an acronym for Linux, Apache, MySQL and Perl/PHP/Python. MySQL is used in some of the most frequently visited web sites on the Internet, including Flickr. com, Nokia. com, YouTube and as previously mentioned, Wikipedia, Google and Facebook. Glass Fish Server Glassfish is an open source application server project led by Sun Microsystems for the Java EE platform.The proprietary version is called Sun GlassFish Enterprise Server. Glassfish is free software. The latest version of GlassFish released is v3. 1. Other Java EE application servers JBoss AS weathervaneSphere AS WebLogic Server Apache Geronimo MODULE-2 JDBC/ODBC ODBC(Open Database Connectivity) is a standard software interface for accessing database management systems (DBMS). The designers of ODBC aimed to make it independent ofprogramming languages, database systems, andoperating systems. Thus, any application can use ODBC to query data from a database, regardless of the platform it is on or DBMS it uses.ODBC accomplishes platform and language independence by using anODBC driveras a translation layer between the application and the DBMS. The application thus only needs to know ODBC syntax, and the driver can then pass the query to the DBMS in its native format, returning the data in a format the application can understand. Java DataBase Connectivity, ordinarily referred to asJDBC, is anAPIfor theJava programming languagethat defines how a client may access adatabase. It provides methods for querying and updating data in a database. JDBC is oriented towards relational databases.A JDBC-to-ODBCbridge enables connections to any ODBC-accessible data source in theJVMhost environment. JDBC allows multiple implementations to exist and be used by the same application. The API provi des a mechanism for dynamically loading the correct Java packages and registering them with the JDBC Driver Manager. The Driver Manager is used as a connection factory for creating JDBC connections. JDBC connections support creating and executing statements. These may be update statements such asSQLs CREATE, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE, or they may be query statements such as SELECT. MySql Tomcat Server. keen go Model Rational rose is an object oriented Unified Modeling Language (UML) software design tool intended for visual modeling and component construction of endeavor level software applications. Rose facilitates object-oriented analysis design, better known for OOAD. In fact, Rose is an acronym for Rational Object Oriented Software Engineering. The great things slightly Rose is that it allows analysts, engineers, writers and project managers to create, view, manipulate modeling elements in a Unified Modeling Language (UML) crosswise the entire enterprise, using one tool and one language.The tools true value is that it exposes software development problems early on in the development life cycle, helping you manage everything from straight forward projects to to a greater extent complex software solutions. Basically, Rose supports use-case driven object modeling. Chapter-3 Requirement Gathering 3. 1 Software Requirements Functional Requirements SRS 001 Add new author This system shall be able to add new users with valid email-id. SRS 002 Install Conference Conference management system shall provide users to add new conferences. SRS 003 Submit a paper Authors can submit their papers in already existing validated conferences. SRS 004 Conference validation by administrator All the conferences are validated by administrators so as to avoid any unauthorized researches. SRS 005 Program committee selection by Chair Eminent program committee is selected by chair so as to provide best expertise and best research papers are selected. SRS 006 opus selectio n by Program committee The program committee can select the papers which he wants to review. SRS 007 Upload review The program committee member can upload his review for selected papers. SRS 008 Mail to Authors and PC member The chair can send mail from time to time to program committee member and author. SRS 009 Paper download The program committee can download the paper for further reading. SRS 009 Review form download The program committee can download the review form for making reviews. SRS 011 substance abuser feedback Users valuable feedback provides us a constant motivation of improvement. Table 3. 1 Showing Functional Requirements Non-functional Requirements SRS012 Access Permission The conference management system shall have several types of access permissions. For instance, the administrator is shall be able to validate conference requests and delete the author.At the same time, authors shall have restricted access to already submitted research papers. SRS013 M aintainability The system shall provide the capability to backup the database and it is very easy to maintain and work on. SRS014 Reliability The system shall be available all the time, only a internet connectivity is required. SRS015 Flexibility The conference management system shall be flexible and adaptable due to future plans of expanding the system. Table 3. 2 Showing Non-Functional Requirements Development cobblers last Operating System (Windows, Mac OS, Linux) Java Development Kit (JDK) 5 or above HTML editor (Macromedia Dreamweaver 8) Client arrest Internet connection. A java enabled browser. 3. 2 Hardware Requirements Development End 500Mhz Intel Pentium-III or higher processor An Internet connection 512 MB RAM 600 MB of free hard-drive space, for severally platform downloaded into the SDK, an additional 100MB is needed. Client End 500 MHz Pentium III processor above. 2 GB hard disk and 256 MB of RAM. An internet enabled device. Web Browser installed operating system. 3. 3 Use Case Model In this project, the analysis and design is used as a technique to conduct a research into conference management system. Design is completely based on definition of problem and the knowledge based construct. The use-case diagram which clearly depicts how this system behaves is constructed. End users can easily circumspect the operations carried out.Also the relationship between various elements is visible and the constraints are easily identified. pic figure 1. 1 Use case for Author. pic physical body 1. 2 Use case diagram for Program committee member. pic Fig 1. 3 Use case diagram for Editor pic Fig 1. 4 Use case diagram for Administrator Use Case translation 3. 3. 1 UC01 Login 3. 3. 1. 1 expositionThe user logs in the web site. 3. 3. 1. 2 proceed of eventsUser opens the login page enter his id and password, and clicks on login button. 3. 3. 1. 2. 1 election consorts N. A. 3. 3. 1. 3 supererogatory requirementsN. A. 3. 3. 1. Pre watchsT he user must(prenominal) have registered him before with the web site and should indorse a valid describe. 3. 3. 1. 5 topographic saddle conditions The user gets access to the site. 3. 3. 1. 6 continuation dappleN. A. 3. 3. 2 UC02 Sign Up 3. 3. 2. 1 DescriptionThe user registers him by entering his details. An account is made where his pro archive info is maintained. 3. 3. 2. 2 descend of events Entering all the fields and then clicking on submit button. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1 resource Flows N. A. 3. 3. 2. 3 Special requirements N. A. 3. 3. 2. 4 Preconditions The user should have a valid email account.The mandatory fields should not be left empty. 3. 3. 2. 5 Post conditionsThe user has a valid account on the website. 3. 3. 2. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 3 UC03 Install a Conference 3. 3. 3. 1 Description The author can create a new conference. 3. 3. 3. 2 Flow of events Users logs in, and then go to chooses create conference option and enters the conference details and submits his r equest. 3. 3. 3. 2. 1 alternating(a) Flows N. A. 3. 3. 3. 3 Special requirementsN. A. 3. 3. 3. 4 Preconditions The user must have a valid account on the web site. 3. 3. 3. Post conditions The request for a new conference is submitted. 3. 3. 3. 6 Extension point N. A. 3. 3. 4 UC04 Submit Paper 3. 3. 4. 1 Description The author can submit his research paper on the existing conferences. 3. 3. 4. 2 Flow of events Author logs in, and then goes to chooses submit conference option and enters the research paper details and submits his paper. 3. 3. 4. 2. 1 choice Flows N. A. 3. 3. 4. 3 Special requirementsThe author must have a valid research paper. 3. 3. 4. 4 Preconditions The author must have a valid account on the web site. . 3. 4. 5 Post conditions The authors research paper is submitted and will be forwarded to jury for review. 3. 3. 4. 6 Extension point N. A. 3. 3. 5 UC05 Edit compose 3. 3. 5. 1 DescriptionThe user can access his own profile information. He can either view or edit th e profile. 3. 3. 5. 2 Flow of events Users logs in, and then goes to My-Account section to view and edit his profile information. 3. 3. 5. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 5. 3 Special requirements 3. 3. 5. 4 Preconditions The user must have a valid account on the website. 3. 3. . 5 Post conditions The profile information is updated. 3. 3. 5. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 6 UC06 Validate Conference 3. 3. 6. 1 Description The administrator can validate the conference requests. 3. 3. 6. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs in and then goes to selects the validate conference option, then selects the conference requests which is to be validated. 3. 3. 6. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 6. 3 Special requirements N. A. 3. 3. 6. 4 PreconditionsThe administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. . 3. 6. 5 Post condition The selected conferences are validated. 3. 3. 6. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 7 UC07 Add PC member 3. 3. 7. 1 Description The chair has the ri ght to suck the PC member to review the paper for a particular conference. 3. 3. 7. 2 Flow of events The author has to change his piece from author to chair, then select the conference for which he wants to invite the PC member. 3. 3. 7. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 7. 3 Special requirements The author has to change his role from author to chair to be able to add 3. 3. . 4 PreconditionsThe author is properly logged in and changes his role from author to editor. 3. 3. 7. 5 Post condition The PC member is invited to review the paper for a particular conference. 3. 3. 7. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 8 UC08 Review the paper 3. 3. 8. 1 Description The PC member can review the paper for which chair has invited him. 3. 3. 8. 2 Flow of events The author will have to first change his role to PC member, then select the conference which he wants to review and then select the research paper for which he wants to write review.The PC member posts his review for that paper. 3. 3. 8. 2. 1 A lternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 8. 3 Special requirements The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 8. 4 PreconditionsThe PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 8. 5 Post condition The author posts the review of the paper. 3. 3. 8. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 9 UC09 Download Paper 3. 3. 9. 1 Description The PC member can download the research paper. 3. 3. 9. Flow of events The author changes his role from author to PC member, selects the conference and particular research paper, then downloads the paper. 3. 3. 9. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 9. 3 Special requirements The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 9. 4 PreconditionsThe PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 9. 5 Post condition The PC member downloads the pa per. 3. 3. 9. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 10 UC010 View Paper Details 3. 3. 10. Description The PC member can check the details of the research paper. 3. 3. 10. 2 Flow of events The author changes his role from author to PC member, selects the conference and particular research paper, then views the detail of paper. 3. 3. 10. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 10. 3 Special requirements The author must be added by chair as a PC member for that conference. 3. 3. 10. 4 PreconditionsThe PC member should be added by program chair to review that conference, and he should have changed his role from author to PC member. 3. 3. 10. 5 Post condition The PC member check the details of paper. 3. 3. 0. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 8 UC11 Delete Author 3. 3. 11. 1 Description The administrator can delete any author if he does any illegal activity. 3. 3. 11. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs in and selects the author to be deleted. 3. 3. 11. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 11. 3 Special requirements N. A. 3. 3. 11. 4 PreconditionsThe administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. 3. 3. 11. 5 Post condition The author is deleted from the system. 3. 3. 11. 6 Extension pointN. A. 3. 3. 12 UC12 Logout 3. 3. 12. 1 Description The administrator can delete the author. . 3. 12. 2 Flow of events The administrator logs in and selects the logout option and administrator is logged out. 3. 3. 12. 2. 1 Alternative Flows N. A. 3. 3. 12. 3 Special requirements N. A. 3. 3. 12. 4 PreconditionsThe administrator must hold a valid account and must be properly logged in. 3. 3. 12. 5 Post condition The author is logged out from administrator page. 3. 3. 12. 6 Extension pointN. A. Chapter-4 Analysis 4. 1 Sequence diagram A chronological sequence diagram is an interaction diagram in UML that emphasizes the time ordering of the messages. It shows how processes operate one with other and in what order.It shows parallel vertical lines as different processes or obje cts that live simultaneously, and horizontal arrows as the messages exchanged between them, in the order in which they occur. The boxes across the top of the diagram represent the use cases, objects, classes, or actors. The dashed lines hanging from the boxes are called object lifelines, representing the life span of the object during the scenario being modeled. The long, thin boxes on the lifelines are activation boxes, also called method-invocation boxes, which indicate processing is being performed by the target object/class to fulfill a message.Messages are indicated on UML sequence diagrams as labeled arrows, when the source and target of a message is an object or class the label is the signature of the method invoked in response to the message. go through values are optionally indicated using a dashed arrow with a label indicating the return value. pic Fig 4. 1 Sequence Diagram for Login pic Fig 4. 2 Sequence Diagram for Sign Up pic Fig 4. 3 Sequence Diagram for My-Account Se ction pic Fig 4. 4 Sequence Diagram for Paper Submission pic Fig 4. 5 Sequence Diagram for Conference validation pic Fig 4. 6 Sequence Diagram to add PC member. pic Fig 4. Sequence Diagram to write review for a paper. pic Fig 4. 8 Sequence Diagram to check submission details of a conference. 4. 2 Activity Diagram An Activity Diagram is essentially a flow chart showing flow of control from activity to activity. They are used to model the dynamic aspects of as system. They can also be used to model the flow of an object as it moves from state to state at different points in the flow of control. Activity diagrams commonly contain fork start & end symbol. pic Fig 4. 7 Activity diagram for Author pic Fig. 4. 8 Activity diagram for administrator Chapter-5 Design 5. 1 Technology SelectionWe are a part of a rapidly changing software industry. New and better softwares are created every day. The main purpose of the software is to provide comfort to its users and also to the other developers. Java Java Platform, Standard Edition or Java SE is a widely used platform for programming in the Java language. It is the Java Platform used to deploy portable applications for general use. In practical terms, Java SE consists of a virtual machine, which must be used to run Java programs, together with a set of libraries needed to allow the use of file systems, networks, graphical interfaces, and so on, from inside those programs.Java Development Kit jdk 1_5_0 it has been by far the most widely used Java SDK Sun contributed the source code to the OpenJDK. The Java Development Kit (JDK) is a Sun Microsystems product aimed at Java developers. Since the introduction of Java, it has been by far the most widely used Java Software Development Kit. A Java Development Kit (JDK) is a program development environment for writing Java applets and applications.It consists of a runtime environment that sits on top of the operating system layer as well as the tools and programming that developers need to compile, debug, and run applets and applications written in the Java language. A JVM can also execute byte code compiled from programming languages other than Java. Java was conceived with the concept of WORA write once, run anywhere. This is done using the Java Virtual Machine. The JVM is the environment in which Java programs execute. It is software that is implemented on non-virtual hardware and on standard operating systems.JVM is a crucial component of the Java platform, and because JVMs are available for many a(prenominal) hardware and software platforms, Java can be both middleware and a platform in its own right, hence the trademark write once, run anywhere. The use of the same byte code for all platforms allows Java to be described as compile once, run anywhere, as opposed to write once, compile anywhere, which describes cross-platform compiled languages. A JVM also enables such features as automated exception handling, which provides root-cause debugging informati on for every software error (exception), independent of the source code.A JVM is distributed along with a set of standard class libraries that implement the Java application programming interface (API). Appropriate APIs bundled together form the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). Javas execution environment is termed the Java Runtime Environment, or JRE. Programs intended to run on a JVM must be compiled into a standardized portable binary format, which typically comes in the form of . class files. A program may consist of many classes in different files. For easier distribution of large programs, multiple class files may be incase together in a . jar file. JSP and ServletsA servlet is a Java programming language class used to extend the capabilities of servers that host applications accessed via a request-response programming model. Although servlets can respond to any type of request, they are commonly used to extend the applications hosted by Web servers. To deploy and run, the Apa che Tomcat Server may be used. It is an open source servlet container developed by the Apache Software Foundation (ASF). Tomcat implements the Java Servlet and the Java Server Pages (JSP) specifications from Sun Microsystems, and provides a pure Java HTTP web server environment for Java code to run.Java Server Pages(JSP) is aJavatechnology that helpssoftware developersservedynamically generated web pagesbased on HTML,XML, or other document types. JSP may be viewed as a high-level abstraction ofJava servlets. JSP pages are loaded in the server and are operated from a structure special installed Java server packet called a Java EE Web Application, often packaged as a. waror. earfile archive. JSP allows Java code and certain pre-defined actions to be interleaved with static web markup content, with the resulting page being compiled and executed on the server to deliver an HTML or XML document.The compiled pages and any dependent Java libraries use Java byte code rather than a native s oftware format, and must therefore be executed within aJava virtual machine(JVM) that integrates with the hostoperating systemto provide an abstract platform-neutral environment. MySQL as a backend Features of MySQL 1. Speed Of course, the speed at which a server side program runs depends primarily on the server hardware. Given that the server hardware is optimal, MySQL runs very fast. It supports clustered servers for demanding applications. 2. Ease of use MySQL is a high- act, relatively simple database system.From the beginning, MySQL has typically been configured, monitored, and managed from the command line. However, several MySQL graphical interfaces are available as described below MySQL Administrator This tool makes it possible for administrators to set up, evaluate, and tonal pattern their MySQL database server. This is intended as a replacement for mysqladmin. MySQL Query Browser Provides database developers and operators with a graphical database operation interface. It is especially useful for seeing multiple query plans and result sets in a single user interface. Configuration Wizard Administrators can choose from a predefined list of optimal settings, or create their own. MySQL System Tray Provides Windows-based administrators a single view of their MySQL instance, including the ability to start and stop their database servers. 3. Cost MySQL is available free of cost. MySQL is a Open Source database. MySQL is part of LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP / Perl / Python) environemtn, a fast growth open source enterprise software stack. More and more companies are using LAMP as an alternative to expensive proprietary oftware stacks because of its lower cost, reliability, and documentation. 4. Query Language Support MySQL understands standards based SQL (Structured Query Language). 5. Capability Many clients can connect to the server at the same time. Clients can use multiple database simultaneously. You can access MySQL using several interfaces su ch as command-line clients, Web browsers. 6. Connectivity and security MySQL is fully networked, and database can be accessed from anywhere on the Internet, so you can share your data with anyone, anywhere.The connectivity could be achieved with Windows programs by using ODBC drivers. By using the ODBC connector to MySQL, any ODBC-aware client application (for example, Microsoft Office, report writers, Visual Basic) can connect to MySQL. 7. Portability MySQL runs on many varieties of UNIX, as well as on other non-UNIX systems, such as Windows and OS/2. MySQL runs on hardware from home PCs to high-end server. MySQL can be installed on Windows XP, Windows Server 2003, Red Hat Fedora Linux, Debian Linux, and others. We have maintained our database in MySQL that involves maintenance of information. 5. Database Design It is defined as centralized repository of information about data such as meaning, relationships to other data, origin, usage, and format. Our data dictionary is designed i n order to fulfill A document describing a database or collection of databases An integral component of a DBMS that is required to determine its structure A piece of middleware that extends or supplants the native data dictionary of a DBMS. The most challenging phase of the system life cycle is system design. The term design describes a final system and the process by which it is developed.It refers to the technical specifications that will be applied in implementing the candidate system. It also includes the construction of programs and program scrutiny. System design is a solution, a how to approach the creation of a new system. This important phase is composed of several steps. It provides understanding and procedural details necessary for implementing the system recommended in the feasibility study. Emphasis is on translating the performance requirements into design specifications. The first step is to determine how the output is to be produced and in what format.Samples of the output and input are also presented. Second, input data and master files (database) have to be designed to meet the requirements of the proposed output. The operational (processing) phases are handled through program construction and testing, including a list of programs needed to meet the systems objectives and to complete documentation. Finally, details related to justification of the system and an estimate of the impact of the candidate system on the user and the organization are documented and evaluated by management as a step toward implementation.The design approach that was suited for the project turned out to be object-oriented design. It creates a representation of the real world problem domain & maps it into a solution domain that is software. Unlike other methods, object-oriented design results in a design that interconnects data objects(data items) & processing operations in a way that modularizes information & processing , rather than processing alone. E-R diagrams represent the schemas or the overall organization of the system. In order to begin constructing the basic model, the modeler must analyze the information gathered during the requirement analysis for the purpose of classifying data objects as either entities or attributes, ? identifying and defining relationships between entities, ? naming and defining identified entities, attributes, and relationships, ? documenting this information in the data document. ? Finally draw its ER diagram. To accomplish these goals the modeler must analyze narratives from users, notes from meeting, policy and procedure documents, and, if lucky, design documents from the current information system. pic Fig 5. 1 Enhanced Entity-Relationship diagram. Chapter 6 Testing 6. Test Case and Design Software testing is a critical element of software quality assurance and the net review of specification, design and code generation . Testing of the software leads to uncovering of errors in the software and reveal th at whether software is functional and performance requirement are met. Testing also provides a good indication of software reliability as software quality as a whole. The result of different phases are evaluated and then compared with the expected results. If the errors are uncovered they are debugged and corrected.A strategy approach to software testing has the generic characteristics Testing begins at the module level and works outwards towards the integration of the entire computer based system. Different testing techniques are appropriate at different point of time. Testing and debugging are different activities, but debugging must be accommodating in the testing strategy. A strategy for the software testing must be accommodate low level tests that are necessary to verify that a small source code segment is performing correctly according to the customers requirement and that of developers expectations.Testing Objectives Testing is a process of executing a program with the i ntent of finding an error. A good test case is one which has a high probability of finding an as yet undiscovered error. A successful test is one that uncovers an as yet undiscovered error. Our objective is to design tests that systematically uncover different classes of errors and to do so with minimum amount of time and effort. Testing Principles All tests should be traceable to customer requirements. Tests should be planned long before testing begins. The Pareto dogma applies to software testing. Testing should begin in the small and progress towards testing in the large. Exhaustive testing is not possible. To be most effective, testing should be conducted by an independent third party. 6. 2 Testing Methods and Strategies Any engineered product can be tested in one of two slipway White-Box Testing Knowing the internal workings of a product, tests can be conducted to ensure that the internal operation performs according to specification and all internal components have b een adequately exercised.For testing our project, we have used the Black-Box testing methods, and a short description of this testing method follows Black-Box Testing Black box testing, also called behavioral testing, focuses on the functional Requirements of the software. It enables the software engineer to derive sets of input conditions that will fully exercise all functional requirements for a program. It is a complementary color approach to White-Box testing that is likely to uncover a different class of errors. Black Box testing attempts to find errors in the following categories Incorrect or missing functions Interface errors Errors in data structures Behavior or performance errors Initialization and termination errors. Snapshots for Test cases pic Fig 6. 2. 1 Snapshot for login Test Cases Description following testing checks the authenticity of the end-user. Test 01 Test case for successful Login Login ID pushpendra Password blackboard System Output Successful Login T est 02 Test case for incorrect password Login ID pushpendra Password chalk System Output Incorrect user-id or Password pic Fig 6. 2. 2 Snapshot for conference installation Test CasesDescription this lets you install a new conference. Test 01 Conference name International conference on environmental studies Conference acronym ICES Email emailprotected com City Indore Country India Your role chair Research area environmental Any other information Send request System output conference successfully installed. pic Fig 6. 2. 3 Snapshot for paper submission Test Cases Description this lets you submit your research paper in your desired conference. Test 01 Name mohit maheshwari E-mail mohit. emailprotected om Country India organisation Accenture India Title cloud computing Abstract benefits of new cloud computing Keyword ACC Paper paper1. pdf Browse System output new paper successfully submitted. pic Fig 6. 2. 4 Snapshot for changing role Test Cases Description this lets you change the ro le as per as requirement. Test 01 Present role Author motley role New role Chair System output Your role successfully changed. pic Fig 6. 2. 5 Snapshot for updating profile Test Cases Description this lets you update your personal information.Test 01 Name ankit jain Contact number 9407217505 E mail emailprotected com Organization Microsoft India Country India Password anjtdf Change password fhdfioh Submit System output your profile successfully updated. pic Fig 6. 2. 6 Snapshot for review of the paper Test Cases Description this lets you review the form previously submitted by you. Test 01 ID 412 Author mohit jain Review rating 4. 5 Comment it was very innovative. Submit System output your form has been successfully reviewed. Conclusion Softwares are making everyday life of humans being easier & faster.This type web-application shows How we can solve management problem? Hence, software is managing the record & database in behalf of humans. later on completion of this website, a uthors and administrator can now access the conferences and can submit the research paper of their interest field. It is aimed at improving the floor of the conference organizers by providing authors an opportunity to submit their papers. Thus it can manage the entire conference process related to paper submission, jury selection, and paper review, under the complete control of the administrator.In our project, we have used Mysql RDBMS for the creation, maintenance and use of the database. The user interface is designed using Java servlets, JSP using Netbeans IDE. We have defined two users for this system, author and administrator, each with their own access and rights and activities. This project allowed us to interact with JSP and servlets. We explored java database connectivity and also became familiar with requirements of a conference management system. BIBLIOGRAPHY/REFRENCES 7. 1 BOOKS REFERED The following books were used extensively for the project development and implementa tion. . The Complete Reference Java2 Tata McGraw-Hill publishing Company Limited. By- Herbert Schildt. 2. The Complete Reference to JAVA SERVER PAGES 3. maneuver First Java Servlets 4. Software Engineering Pearson edition By Ian SommerVille 5. Database Management System by Ivan Bayross 7. 2 WEBSITES REFERED http//www. google. com http//www. wikipedia. com http//www. w3schools. com/css/css_examples. asp http//www. w3schools. com/js/default. asp http//www. jsptut. com/ http//www. roseindia. net/jsp/jsp. htm